Nokea
Robert, age 51 years, has been told by his primary care provider (PCP) to take an aspirin a day. Why would this be recommended?
- A. He has arthritis and this will help with the inflammation and pain
- B. Aspirin has anti-platelet activity and prevents clots that cause heart attacks
- C. Aspirin acidifies the urine and he needs this for prostate health
- D. He has a history of GI bleed, and one aspirin a day is a safe dosage
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aspirin's antiplatelet effect reduces cardiovascular risk, a common recommendation for men over 50; arthritis or prostate aren't primary reasons.
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A staff educator is reviewing medication dosages and factors that influence medication metabolism with a group of nurses at an in-service presentation. Which of the following factors should the educator include as a reason to administer lower medication dosages?
- A. Increased renal secretion
- B. Increased medication-metabolizing enzymes
- C. Liver failure
- D. Peripheral vascular disease
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Liver failure impairs metabolism, and concurrent use of medications metabolized by the same pathway can increase drug levels, both necessitating lower doses.
Which of the following is the longest acting newer antihistamine:
- A. Mequitazine
- B. Loratidine
- C. Astemizole
- D. Terfenadine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Astemizole has the longest duration among listed antihistamines.
Which of the following is true regarding the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA)?Select one that does not apply.
- A. The act allows for DEA enforcement of the act.
- B. The act gives the FDA power to enforce the laws governed by the act.
- C. The act permits general health claims.
- D. The act does not permit curative health claims.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The DSHEA defines substances such as herbs, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and other natural substances as 'dietary supplements' and permits general health claims as long as the label also has a disclaimer stating that the supplements are not approved by the FDA and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. The act gives the FDA the power to enforce the laws governed by the act.
The following drug when used for prolonged period in the maintenance treatment of tonic-clonic seizures can lead to increased metabolism of warfarin like drugs:
- A. Phenobarbitone
- B. Meprobamate
- C. Chlordiazepoxide
- D. Triazolam
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Phenobarbitone induces CYP450, increasing warfarin metabolism.
A young adult female who is taking metronidazole (Flagyl) to treat trichomoniasis calls the nurse to report severe headache, flushing, palpitations, cramping, and nausea. What will the nurse do next?
- A. Ask about alcohol consumption
- B. Reassure her that these are harmless side effects
- C. Tell her that this signals a worsening of her infection
- D. Tell her to go to the emergency department immediately
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Metronidazole with alcohol causes a disulfiram-like reaction (symptoms listed); it's not infection worsening or harmless . Patients who are taking metronidazole can experience a disulfiram-like reaction when they drink alcohol.