Nokea
Rodrigo has been prescribed procainamide after a myocardial infarction. He is monitored for dyspnea, jugular venous distention, and peripheral edema because they may indicate:
- A. Widening of the area of infarction
- B. Onset of congestive heart failure
- C. An electrolyte imbalance involving potassium
- D. Renal dysfunction
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: These symptoms suggest heart failure, a potential procainamide complication.
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A nurse is providing instructions to a client who has a new prescription for Albuterol and Beclomethasone inhalers for the control of asthma. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Take the albuterol at the same time each day.
- B. Administer the albuterol inhaler prior to using the beclomethasone inhaler.
- C. Use beclomethasone if experiencing an acute episode.
- D. Avoid shaking the beclomethasone before us
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Albuterol (bronchodilator) should be used before beclomethasone (steroid) to open airways for better steroid delivery.
The nurse is preparing a medication that is new to the market and cannot be found in the nurse's drug guide. Where can the nurse get the most reliable information about this medication?
- A. Package insert
- B. Another nurse
- C. Drug manufacturer
- D. Physician
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The most reliable information about the drug can be found on the package insert supplied by the manufacturer because it was prepared according to strict Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations. Asking another nurse or the physician is not reliable and cannot be verified as accurate. It would not be realistic to call the drug manufacturer for information.
A 49-year-old woman with a history of hypertension is treated with spironolactone. She has good blood pressure control and in the last 6 months has shown an improvement in her hirsutism. What is the most likely explanation for these findings?
- A. Androgen receptor inhibition of the hair follicle
- B. Drug toxicity
- C. Hypoaldosteronism
- D. Testosterone levels are elevated
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Spironolactone's anti-androgenic effects inhibit androgen receptors, reducing hirsutism, alongside its aldosterone antagonism for hypertension.
In the presence of picrotoxin, diazepam is less efficacious at causing sedation, regardless of the dose. Picrotoxin by it self has no sedative effect even at the highest dose. Which of the following is correct?
- A. Picrotoxin is not a competitive antagonist
- B. Diazepam is a full agonist, and picrotoxin is a partial agonist
- C. Diazepam is less efficacious than is picrotoxin
- D. Diazepam is less potent than is picrotoxin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Picrotoxin reduces diazepam's maximal effect (efficacy), not potency, indicating noncompetitive antagonism.
A pharmaceutical lab states that a drug causes negative side effects in 3 of every 100 patients. To confirm this affirmation, another laboratory chooses 5 people at random who have consumed the drug. What is the average number of patients that the laboratory should expect to experience side effects if they choose 100 patients at random?
- A. 1
- B. 2
- C. 3
- D. 4
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The expected value (mean) of a binomial distribution is n * p. Here, n=100 and p=0.03, so U = 100 * 0.03 = 3, as calculated in the document.