Nokea
Saliva contains two enzymes. What are they?
- A. Amylase and pepsin
- B. Amylase and lysozyme
- C. Amylase and lipase
- D. Amylase and renin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Saliva contains salivary amylase (ptyalin) for starch digestion and lysozyme for antibacterial action. Pepsin is in the stomach, lipase is mainly pancreatic, and renin is unrelated to saliva.
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Taste buds are found on the following papilla EXCEPT:
- A. Circumvallate papilla
- B. Filiform
- C. Fungiform
- D. Foliate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Filiform papillae lack taste buds and are primarily involved in touch sensation, unlike the other papillae types.
Which part(s) of the esophagus necessitate(s) input from the central nervous system to orchestrate peristalsis?
- A. The upper third
- B. The middle third
- C. The lower third
- D. The upper and middle portions
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The upper third of the esophagus, with striated muscle, requires CNS input (via the vagus nerve) for primary peristalsis.
Which layer of GI tract forms the innermost lining and continuously secretes mucus?
- A. serosa
- B. muscularis externa
- C. muscularis mucosa
- D. mucosa
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The mucosa is the innermost layer of the GI tract, lined with epithelial cells that secrete mucus to protect the tract and lubricate food passage.
Crypts of Lieberkuhn are found in between the villi. They secrete :
- A. Glucagon
- B. Succus entericus
- C. Insulin
- D. Gastric juice
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Crypts of Lieberkuhn secrete succus entericus for intestinal digestion.
Of the following, which organ does food NOT pass through?
- A. pancreas
- B. stomach
- C. mouth
- D. small intestine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Food does not pass through the pancreas; it produces digestive enzymes that aid digestion.