Nokea
Saliva does not contain:
- A. Blood group antigens
- B. Lysozymes
- C. Immunoglobulins
- D. Platelets
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Saliva does not contain platelets because platelets are components of blood responsible for blood clotting, not found in saliva. Saliva does contain ABO blood group antigens, lysozymes for antibacterial activity, and immunoglobulins for immune function. Platelets are not a normal component of saliva, making option D the correct answer.
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The patient with gastroesophageal reflux disease should be taught:
- A. To avoid coffee, tea, or other caffeine-containing beverages.
- B. To take H2 blockers, such as ranitidine, as directed.
- C. To avoid acidic foods such as citrus or tomato.
- D. All of the above.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Patients with GERD should avoid foods and beverages that can irritate the esophagus, and taking H2 blockers can reduce acid production.
A patient with upper GI bleeding is treated with several drugs. Which drug should the nurse recognize as an agent that is used to decrease bleeding and decrease gastric acid secretions?
- A. Nizatidine (Axid)
- B. Omeprazole (Prilosec)
- C. Vasopressin (Pitressin)
- D. Octreotide (Sandostatin)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Vasopressin is used to decrease bleeding in patients with upper GI bleeding by constricting blood vessels.
The pancreatic juice, produced by acinar cells, is secreted into the
- A. stomach
- B. duodenum
- C. jejunum
- D. ileum
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: duodenum. Pancreatic juice is secreted by acinar cells in the pancreas and is released into the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine. This is where pancreatic enzymes help in the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. The stomach (choice A) secretes gastric juice, not pancreatic juice. The jejunum (choice C) and ileum (choice D) are parts of the small intestine where absorption of nutrients occurs, but they are not the sites of pancreatic juice secretion.
The outer tunic of the esophagus grades into the surrounding connective tissue and is called the tunica
- A. mucosa.
- B. submucosa.
- C. serosa.
- D. adventitia.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: adventitia. The esophagus lacks a serosa layer, so its outermost layer is called adventitia, which blends with surrounding connective tissue. The mucosa (A) is the innermost layer, submucosa (B) is between mucosa and muscular layers, and serosa (C) is a serous membrane covering organs in the abdominal cavity. Therefore, in the esophagus, the outer tunic is termed adventitia due to its connection with the surrounding tissues.
Which infection or inflammation is found related to systemic disease and cancer chemotherapy?
- A. Parotitis
- B. Stomatitis
- C. Oral candidiasis
- D. Vincent's infection
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Stomatitis is commonly associated with systemic diseases and cancer therapies, leading to painful inflammation and sores in the mouth.