Nokea
Sallie has been taking 10 mg per day of prednisone for the past 6 months. She should be assessed for:
- A. Gout
- B. Iron deficiency anemia
- C. Osteoporosis
- D. Renal dysfunction
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chronic prednisone increases osteoporosis risk via bone loss; gout or anemia are less direct.
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Which of the following drugs is CORRECTLY paired with its ECG effects?
- A. Lidocaine; decreased QRS and PR intervals
- B. Metoprolol: increased QRS duration
- C. Flecainide: increased PR, QRS, and QT intervals
- D. Verapamil: increased PR interval
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Verapamil slows AV conduction, increasing PR interval.
When comparing angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) medications, which of the following holds true?
- A. Both have major issues with a dry, irritating cough
- B. Both contribute to some retention of potassium
- C. ARBs have a stronger impact on hypertension control than ACE medications
- D. ARBs have stronger diabetes mellitus renal protection properties than ACE medications
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Both ACEIs and ARBs cause potassium retention due to reduced aldosterone.
Which of the following drugs should be used only when clearly needed in pregnant and breastfeeding women?
- A. Memantine
- B. Pyridostigmine
- C. Galantamine
- D. Rivastigmine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pyridostigmine's safety in pregnancy/breastfeeding is less established, requiring caution.
Valerian tea causes relaxation and can be used to help a patient fall asleep. Overdosage of valerian (more than 2.5 gm/dose) may lead to:
- A. Cardiac disturbances
- B. Central nervous system depression
- C. Respiratory depression
- D. Skin rashes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Valerian overdose can cause cardiac disturbances due to its sedative effects.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching for a client regarding how to mix regular insulin and NPH insulin in the same syringe. Which of the following actions, if performed by the client, indicates the need for further teaching?
- A. Withdraws the NPH insulin first
- B. Withdraws the regular insulin first
- C. Injects air into NPH insulin vial first
- D. Injects an amount of air equal to the desired dose of insulin into the vial
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When preparing a mixture of regular insulin with another insulin preparation, the regular insulin is drawn into the syringe first. This sequence will avoid contaminating the vial of regular insulin with insulin of another type. Options 2, 3, and 4 identify the correct actions for preparing NPH and regular insulin.