Nokea
A 32-year-old woman is admitted to the unit with a diagnosis of hypovolemia. The nurse is developing a care plan for this patient. What is an appropriate nursing diagnosis to help prevent medication errors?
- A. Dysfunctional gastrointestinal motility
- B. Ineffective self-health maintenance
- C. Risk for injury
- D. Deficient fluid volume
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypovolemia increases risk for injury from medication errors (e.g., overdose effects).
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The nurse is checking the medical record of an assigned patient for medication orders. The nurse is unable to read the primary health care provider's handwriting. Which action would be most appropriate?
- A. The nurse should question the order with the primary health care provider.
- B. The nurse should try to interpret the handwriting.
- C. The nurse should confirm the order with a nearby health care provider.
- D. The nurse should obtain a verbal order.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Any order that is unclear, particularly due to illegible handwriting, should be questioned. The nurse should not try to interpret the handwriting as it may lead to a misinterpretation. The nurse should also not confirm the order with any other physician who is nearby. Administering drugs based on verbal orders is permissible only during emergencies.
Cost-effectiveness analysis compares two or more treatments or programs that are:
- A. Not necessarily therapeutically equivalent
- B. Considered equal in efficacy
- C. Compared with the dollar value of the benefit received
- D. Expressed in terms of patient preference or quality-adjusted life years
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cost-effectiveness analysis evaluates treatments that may differ in efficacy.
When describing the various types of medications to a group of nursing students, a nursing instructor would identify which of the following as a source for deriving medications?
- A. Plants
- B. Synthetic sources
- C. Mold
- D. All the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Medications are derived from natural sources, for example, plants, molds, minerals, and animals, as well as created synthetically in a laboratory.
Tick the substance which changes the activity of an effector element but doesn't belong to second messengers:
- A. cAMP
- B. cGMP
- C. G-protein
- D. Calcium ions
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: G-protein is a transducer, not a second messenger, unlike cAMP, cGMP, and calcium.
Which statement about clonidine is false
- A. Useful in the management of opiate withdrawal syndrome
- B. Claimed to have prophylactic value in migraine
- C. It is alpha-2 receptor stimulant
- D. It is safe on abrupt termination of treatment
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Abrupt clonidine withdrawal can cause rebound hypertension.