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A patient with asthma has been using a nicotine transdermal 24-hour patch for 3 weeks to quit smoking. The patient reports having difficulty sleeping. What action will the nurse take?
- A. Ask the provider for a prescription for Nicotrol NS
- B. Recommend removing the patch at bedtime
- C. Suggest using an 18-hour patch instead
- D. Tell the patient to stop the patch and join a support group
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An 18-hour patch reduces sleep disruption while aiding cessation; Nicotrol is risky with asthma. The patient should try an 18-hour patch to help with sleep.
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When describing the various types of medications to a group of nursing students, a nursing instructor would identify which of the following as a source for deriving medications?
- A. Plants
- B. Synthetic sources
- C. Mold
- D. All the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Medications are derived from natural sources, for example, plants, molds, minerals, and animals, as well as created synthetically in a laboratory.
The nurse is checking the medical record of an assigned patient for medication orders. The nurse is unable to read the primary health care provider's handwriting. Which action would be most appropriate?
- A. The nurse should question the order with the primary health care provider.
- B. The nurse should try to interpret the handwriting.
- C. The nurse should confirm the order with a nearby health care provider.
- D. The nurse should obtain a verbal order.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Any order that is unclear, particularly due to illegible handwriting, should be questioned. The nurse should not try to interpret the handwriting as it may lead to a misinterpretation. The nurse should also not confirm the order with any other physician who is nearby. Administering drugs based on verbal orders is permissible only during emergencies.
The Combination of amoxycillin + clavulanic acid is used because
- A. It broadens the spectrum of amoxycillin
- B. It decreases the side effect of amoxycillin
- C. It decreases the toxicity of clavulanic acid
- D. It increases the oral bio availability of amoxycillin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Clavulanic acid inhibits beta-lactamases, broadening amoxicillin's spectrum.
Tick the substance which changes the activity of an effector element but doesn't belong to second messengers:
- A. cAMP
- B. cGMP
- C. G-protein
- D. Calcium ions
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: G-protein is a transducer, not a second messenger, unlike cAMP, cGMP, and calcium.
Infants and young children are at higher risk of ADRs due to:
- A. Immature renal function in school-age children
- B. Lack of safety and efficacy studies in the pediatric population
- C. Children's skin being thicker than adults, it is less likely to absorb dosages of topical medication
- D. Infant boys having a higher proportion of muscle mass, leading to a higher volume of distribution
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lack of pediatric studies increases ADR risk due to unestablished safety/efficacy, unlike renal maturity , skin thickness (C, false), or muscle mass (D, false).