Nokea
Select the cell parts that are present in plant cells but not animal cells (there may be more than one answer):
- A. Cell membrane
- B. Cell wall
- C. Ribosome
- D. Chloroplast
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Chloroplasts are unique to plant cells and are responsible for photosynthesis, a process that converts light energy into chemical energy. Animal cells do not contain chloroplasts as they do not perform photosynthesis. Therefore, the correct answer is D - Chloroplast. The cell membrane is found in both plant and animal cells, serving as a protective barrier, while the cell wall is a rigid structure present in plant cells that provides support and protection. Ribosomes are cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis and are present in both plant and animal cells.
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In a population of dogs, fur color is determined by two alleles: black (B) and tan (b). The black allele shows complete dominance. If a dog has tan fur, what is its genotype?
- A. BB
- B. Bb
- C. bb
- D. Not enough information
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When a dog has tan fur, it indicates that it has two recessive alleles for tan fur, which is represented as bb. Since black (B) is dominant over tan (b), the genotype of a dog with tan fur must be bb.
Many control, both positive and negative, maintain body processes. What is this phenomenon called?
- A. Homeostasis.
- B. Endothermy.
- C. Metabolism.
- D. Respiration.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A: Homeostasis.
Rationale:
1. Homeostasis refers to the ability of the body to maintain internal stability despite external changes.
2. It involves various control mechanisms to keep key physiological parameters within a narrow range.
3. Positive and negative feedback loops regulate processes to achieve homeostasis.
4. Choices B, C, and D do not specifically relate to the concept of maintaining internal stability like homeostasis does.
Which combination of cell cycle phase and descriptor is correct?
- A. S phase - the cell synthesizes DNA and doubles its cytoplasm.
- B. Interphase - the cell increases in mass and number of organelles to prepare for cell division.
- C. G1 phase - the phase prior to the start of mitosis in which the cell continues to grow in size and make proteins.
- D. G2 phase - the amount of chromosomes is doubled.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Of all the molecules that are significant to biology, which of the following are considered the most important?
- A. Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and nucleic acids
- B. Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and calcium
- C. Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and sulfur
- D. Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and iron
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are considered the most important molecules in biology. Carbohydrates are essential for energy production, lipids play a role in energy storage and cell membrane structure, proteins are involved in various cellular functions, and nucleic acids carry genetic information. While calcium, sulfur, and iron are important elements in biology, they are not considered as primary biological molecules compared to carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Human cells need oxygen for respiration. What system of the body is responsible for transporting an oxygen molecule to different locations throughout the body?
- A. Skeletal
- B. Lymphatic
- C. Circulatory
- D. Respiratory
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The circulatory system is responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body. It consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood, which work together to deliver oxygen from the lungs to cells and tissues, facilitating cellular respiration. The skeletal system provides structural support and protection for the body but is not involved in oxygen transport. The lymphatic system helps maintain fluid balance and immune function, not oxygen transport. The respiratory system is responsible for gas exchange in the lungs but relies on the circulatory system to transport oxygen to cells and tissues.