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How does water affect the temperature of a living thing?
- A. Water increases temperature.
- B. Water helps keep temperature stable.
- C. Water decreases temperature.
- D. Water does not affect temperature.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Water has a high specific heat capacity, meaning it can absorb and release a large amount of heat with minimal temperature change. This property allows water to regulate and stabilize the temperature of living things by absorbing excess heat or providing warmth when releasing stored heat. Therefore, choice B, 'Water helps keep temperature stable,' is the correct answer.
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Which genetic descriptor refers to an organism's actual appearance?
- A. Phenotype
- B. Genotype
- C. Homozygote
- D. Karyotype
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Phenotype refers to the observable characteristics or traits of an organism, including physical appearance, behavior, and physiological properties. It is influenced by the organism's genotype and environmental factors. Genotype, on the other hand, represents the genetic makeup of an organism, while homozygote refers to an individual having two identical alleles for a particular gene. Karyotype, on the other hand, refers to the complete set of chromosomes in an individual.
What process do sex cells undergo to reproduce?
- A. Meiosis
- B. Cytokinesis
- C. Fission
- D. Mitosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sex cells, also known as gametes, undergo the process of meiosis to reproduce. Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in the formation of four genetically diverse haploid cells from a diploid cell. This reduction is essential for sexual reproduction to ensure genetic diversity in the offspring.
A scientist needs 12 mL of a solution. They have a bottle with 0.12 L in it. Do they have enough?
- A. Yes, they have exactly what they need
- B. Yes, they have more than what they need
- C. No, they do not have enough
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: To convert 0.12 L to mL, you multiply by 1000 (since 1 L = 1000 mL). Therefore, 0.12 L = 120 mL. Since the scientist needs only 12 mL, the bottle contains more than enough solution, making choice B the correct answer.
What is the function of water in photosynthesis?
- A. Combines with carbon dioxide
- B. Absorbs light energy
- C. Supplies electrons in the light reactions
- D. Transports hydrogen ions in the dark reactions
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In photosynthesis, water plays a crucial role in supplying electrons during the light reactions of the process. When light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll, water molecules are split through photolysis, releasing electrons. These electrons are then used in the photosynthetic electron transport chain to generate ATP and NADPH, essential for the synthesis of sugars during the light-dependent reactions.
Which cell organelle can be functionally compared to the door of a house?
- A. Nucleus.
- B. Endoplasmic reticulum.
- C. Cell membrane.
- D. Cytoplasm.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: