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Review Biology related questions and content

Where does photosynthesis take place?

  • A. Endoplasmic reticulum.
  • B. Mitochondrion.
  • C. Chloroplast.
  • D. Golgi apparatus.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Chloroplast. Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplast, specifically in the thylakoid membranes where the light-dependent reactions occur, and in the stroma where the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) take place. The chloroplast contains chlorophyll, the pigment responsible for capturing light energy needed for photosynthesis.

Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect:
A: Endoplasmic reticulum - The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein and lipid synthesis, not in photosynthesis.
B: Mitochondrion - Mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration, not photosynthesis.
D: Golgi apparatus - The Golgi apparatus is involved in processing and packaging proteins for secretion, not in photosynthesis.

In summary, the correct answer is C (Chloroplast) because it is the organelle where photosynthesis occurs due to the presence of chlorophyll and the necessary enzymes for the light-dependent and

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What organisms cannot produce energy without oxygen?

  • A. Obligate anaerobes.
  • B. Strict aerobes.
  • C. Facultative aerobes.
  • D. Facultative anaerobes.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Correct Answer: B - Strict aerobes

Rationale:
1. Strict aerobes require oxygen for energy production through aerobic respiration.
2. Without oxygen, strict aerobes cannot generate energy efficiently.
3. Obligate anaerobes (A) do not require oxygen and can produce energy through anaerobic respiration.
4. Facultative aerobes (C) can switch between aerobic and anaerobic respiration based on oxygen availability.
5. Facultative anaerobes (D) can generate energy through both aerobic and anaerobic respiration, depending on the environment.

Summary:
Strict aerobes are organisms that solely rely on oxygen for energy production. Other choices (A, C, D) can adapt their energy production methods based on oxygen availability.

What type of cell primarily makes up animals?

  • A. Eukaryotic
  • B. Simple
  • C. Prokaryotic
  • D. Bacterial
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Animals are composed primarily of eukaryotic cells, characterized by a defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotic cells are complex and serve as the basis for multicellular organisms such as animals, contrasting with prokaryotic cells that lack a defined nucleus and organelles.

What type of bond connects sugar and phosphate in DNA?

  • A. hydrogen
  • B. ionic
  • C. covalent
  • D. overt
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is covalent (Choice C). In DNA, the bond connecting the sugar and phosphate groups is a phosphodiester bond, which is a type of covalent bond. Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms, forming strong and stable connections. Hydrogen bonds are important in DNA structure but are not the primary bond connecting sugar and phosphate. Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons between atoms, which is not the case in sugar-phosphate bonds. 'Overt' is not a term used to describe the bond between sugar and phosphate in DNA.

In the example provided in question 23, which type of solution is the egg placed in?

  • A. Hypertonic
  • B. Isotonic
  • C. Hypotonic
  • D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: When an egg is placed in a hypertonic solution, there is a higher concentration of solutes outside the egg compared to inside. This concentration gradient causes water to move out of the egg through osmosis, leading to the egg shrinking or shriveling due to the loss of water. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Hypertonic.'

Using the information provided in question #44, what would be the phenotype if the offspring is Bb?

  • A. Black
  • B. Black and tan
  • C. Tan
  • D. Not enough information
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In genetics, when discussing the phenotype of an offspring with a genotype of Bb, the dominant trait 'Black' would be expressed. In this case, the dominant allele 'B' leads to the expression of the black color, overriding the recessive allele 'b,' which would signify tan. Therefore, the correct answer is A, 'Black.' The dominant allele 'B' in the genotype Bb expresses the black color, as it is dominant over the recessive allele 'b.' Hence, the phenotype of the offspring with the genotype Bb would be 'Black.'

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