Nokea
Select the most appropriate drug for regular prophylactic therapy in a 10 year old child who suffers from exercise induced asthma:
- A. Oral salbutamol
- B. Oral theophylline
- C. Inhaled sodium cromoglycate
- D. Inhaled salmeterol
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Inhaled sodium cromoglycate is preferred for prophylaxis in exercise-induced asthma in children, stabilizing mast cells to prevent bronchoconstriction; salmeterol is a long-acting option but less favored.
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A nurse working in radiology administers iodine to a patient who is having a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan. A nurse working on an oncology unit administers chemotherapy to patients who have cancer. At the Public Health Department, a nurse administers a measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine to a 14month-old child as a routine immunization. Which branch of pharmacology best describes the actions of all three nurses?
- A. Pharmacoeconomics
- B. Pharmacotherapeutics
- C. Pharmacodynamics
- D. Pharmacokinetics
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pharmacology is the study of the biologic effects of chemicals. Nurses are involved with clinical pharmacology or pharmacotherapeutics, which is a branch of pharmacology that deals with the uses of drugs to treat, prevent, and diagnose disease. The nurse working in radiology is administering a drug to help diagnose a disease. The nurse working on an oncology unit is administering a drug to help treat a disease. Pharmacoeconomics includes any costs involved in drug therapy. Pharmacodynamics involves how a drug affects the body, and pharmacokinetics is how the body acts on the drug.
Drug of choice in motion sickness is
- A. Metoclopramide
- B. Transdermal scopalamine
- C. Diphenhydramine
- D. Chlorpromazine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Transdermal scopolamine is the drug of choice for motion sickness.
When taking a medication history on a patient why should the nurse ask about the use of alternative therapies?
- A. Patients who use new drugs are usually not compliant with medical regimens.
- B. Many drug-alternative therapy interactions can cause serious problems and should be avoided.
- C. Natural products may be more effective and the drug may not be needed.
- D. The cost of the drug and the alternative therapy may be too great for the patient to handle.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Alternative therapies can interact with prescribed drugs, potentially causing adverse effects, making this a critical assessment point.
Tuberculin purified protein derivative:
- A. Is administered to patients who are known tuberculin-positive reactors
- B. May be administered to patients who are on immunosuppressives
- C. May be administered 2 to 3 weeks after an MMR or varicella vaccine
- D. May be administered the same day as the MMR and/or varicella vaccine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: TB skin test can be given same-day as MMR/varicella; prior positives or immunosuppression complicate interpretation.
An order is written for oxazepam for a 6-year-old child. The nurse notices that there is no established dosage for children 6 to 12 years of age. Knowing that the usual adult dose is 10 mg t.i.d., what would the nurse calculate the appropriate dose to be?
- A. 0.03 mg t.i.d.
- B. 0.3 mg t.i.d.
- C. 1.8 mg t.i.d.
- D. 3.3 mg t.i.d.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Because the nurse only knows the child's age, the nurse would need to use Young's Rule to determine the appropriate dosage. Use the formula, child's dose equals the age of the child in years divided by the child's age plus 12 times the average adult dose to calculate the answer. Dose = (6/[6+12]) 10 mg (6/18 = 0.33 10 = 3.3).