Several employees who have a 10-year or longer history of smoking ask the occupational nurse for assistance with smoking cessation. The RN develops a 2-month program that includes weekly group sessions on lifestyle changes and use of OTC products. Which measurement provides the best indication of the program's effectiveness?
- A. Encourage the employees to disclose if they have joined another smoking cessation group.
- B. Ask the employees to inform the group if they stop smoking and if they start back up again.
- C. Survey the employees about their smoking habits.
- D. Observe if the employees are smoking in the designated smoking areas.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Surveying the employees about their smoking habits provides measurable data on program effectiveness. By collecting data directly from the employees through surveys, the occupational nurse can track changes in smoking habits, frequency, and quantity of cigarettes smoked. This direct feedback allows for a more accurate assessment of the program's impact on smoking cessation. Choices A and B rely on self-disclosure and may not provide reliable or objective data. Choice D does not directly measure changes in smoking habits but rather observes behavior in designated areas, which may not reflect overall smoking cessation progress.
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A 16-year-old female client returns to the clinic because she is pregnant for the third time by a new boyfriend. Which vaccine should the nurse plan to administer?
- A. Measles-mumps-rubella.
- B. Hepatitis B.
- C. Human papillomavirus.
- D. Pneumococcal.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hepatitis B. The Hepatitis B vaccine is crucial for pregnant women as it helps prevent transmission of the virus to the baby during childbirth. Measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (choice A) is not directly related to the current situation of the client being pregnant. Human papillomavirus vaccine (choice C) is recommended for adolescents but is not specifically indicated in this case. Pneumococcal vaccine (choice D) is not a priority in this scenario compared to Hepatitis B, which is crucial for preventing vertical transmission.
A community hospital is an example of which level of health care?
- A. Secondary level health care
- B. Primary health care
- C. Tertiary level care
- D. Intermediate level care
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A community hospital is categorized under secondary level health care. Secondary level health care facilities, like community hospitals, provide specialized outpatient care, diagnostic services, and treatment that are more complex than what is offered in primary health care settings. Choice B, primary health care, refers to basic and routine health care services typically provided by family doctors or general practitioners, which is not the level of care provided by community hospitals. Tertiary level care (choice C) involves highly specialized and complex medical services such as neurosurgery or organ transplants, which are beyond the scope of services provided by community hospitals. Intermediate level care (choice D) is not a recognized category in the hierarchy of health care levels.
How do integrative models of human health see health factors?
- A. derived solely from physical phenomena
- B. intertwined and interactive, with multiple components such as physical, psychological, and social
- C. generally being attributable to psychosocial problems in individuals
- D. effective only when combined and integrated with alternative therapies
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Integrative models of human health consider health factors as intertwined and interactive, involving various components like physical, psychological, and social aspects. This holistic approach recognizes that health is influenced by a combination of factors, not just physical phenomena (choice A). While psychosocial problems can impact health, integrative models go beyond attributing health solely to psychosocial issues (choice C). Additionally, integrative models do not imply that health is effective only when combined with alternative therapies (choice D), but rather emphasize the interconnectedness of various health components.
When the Public Health Nurse assesses needs and plans health interventions for a group of people in coordination with other health professionals, they are demonstrating which of the following features of community health nursing:
- A. CHN involves interdisciplinary collaboration
- B. The use of an epidemiologic approach is an essential part of nursing practice
- C. CHN is oriented towards populations
- D. CHN encourages the client's participation in determining their own health
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Interdisciplinary collaboration is a fundamental feature of community health nursing. In this scenario, the nurse works with other health professionals to assess needs and plan interventions for a group of people, emphasizing the importance of teamwork and cooperation. Choice B is incorrect because while epidemiology plays a role in community health nursing, it is not the primary focus of this particular situation. Choice C is incorrect as it describes the population-focused nature of community health nursing, which is related but not directly demonstrated in the given scenario. Choice D is incorrect because while client participation is essential in community health nursing, it is not the primary feature demonstrated in the scenario provided.
The nurse is reviewing a depressed client's history from an earlier admission. Documentation of anhedonia is noted. The nurse understands that this finding refers to:
- A. Reports of difficulty falling and staying asleep
- B. Expression of persistent suicidal thoughts
- C. Lack of enjoyment in usual pleasures
- D. Reduced senses of taste and smell
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lack of enjoyment in usual pleasures. Anhedonia is the inability to feel pleasure in normally pleasurable activities. Choice A, reports of difficulty falling and staying asleep, is more indicative of insomnia rather than anhedonia. Choice B, expression of persistent suicidal thoughts, is related to suicidal ideation and not anhedonia. Choice D, reduced senses of taste and smell, is more associated with disturbances in the sense of taste and smell, not anhedonia.