Nokea
Sexual abuse should be considered in children who have behavioral problems, although no behavior is pathognomonic. Which of the following behavior should raise the suspicion of sexual abuse?
- A. aggressive
- B. obsessive-compulsive
- C. dissociative
- D. hypersexuality
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hypersexuality in children is highly unusual and strongly indicative of possible sexual abuse, as it reflects exposure to inappropriate sexual content or experiences.
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In order to educate clients, the nurse should understand that the most common site of cancer for a female is the:
- A. Uterine cervix
- B. Vagina
- C. Uterine body
- D. Fallopian tube
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The most common site of cancer for a female is the uterine cervix. Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide. It is primarily caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted infection. Regular Pap smears can help detect precancerous changes in the cervix early, making it a preventable and treatable cancer if caught early. It is important for nurses to educate their clients on the importance of routine screenings and HPV vaccination to prevent cervical cancer.
Patients are at risk for overwhelming postsplenectomy infection (OPSI) following splenectomy. Which of the ff. symptoms alerts the nurse to this possibility?
- A. Bruising around the operative site
- B. Pain
- C. Irritability
- D. Fever
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Patients who have undergone splenectomy are at risk for overwhelming postsplenectomy infection (OPSI) due to the absence of a functioning spleen, which is important in fighting certain types of infections, especially those caused by encapsulated bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae. Symptoms of OPSI can include fever, chills, weakness, and rapid breathing. Fever is a significant sign that alerts the nurse to the possibility of OPSI in a post-splenectomy patient, as it may indicate an infection that the body is struggling to fight without the spleen's immune support. This is a crucial symptom to monitor and act upon promptly to prevent serious complications in these individuals.
The nurse is preparing an in-service education to staff about atraumatic care for pediatric patients. Which intervention should the nurse include?
- A. Prepare the child for separation from parents during hospitalization by reviewing a video.
- B. Prepare the child before any unfamiliar treatment or procedure by demonstrating on a stuffed animal.
- C. Help the child accept the loss of control associated with hospitalization.
- D. Help the child accept pain that is connected with a treatment or procedure.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Atraumatic care for pediatric patients aims to minimize emotional and psychological distress during hospitalization or medical procedures. Option B, preparing the child before any unfamiliar treatment or procedure by demonstrating it on a stuffed animal, is an appropriate intervention. This technique allows the child to understand what will happen, reduces fear of the unknown, and promotes a sense of control. By using a stuffed animal as a teaching tool, the nurse can provide clear information to the child in a non-threatening way, helping to alleviate anxiety and stress. This intervention encourages trust between the child and healthcare provider and promotes a positive healthcare experience for the pediatric patient.
A patient understands the common causes of urinary tract infection if he or she states the following, EXCEPT:
- A. "UTI can be caused by holding the urge to urinate."
- B. "Insertion of instruments and catheter to the urinary tract can introduce bacteria that can cause infection."
- C. "I usually drink lots of water at night and it might have caused my UTI."
- D. "UTI can be caused by unhygienic cleaning after defecation."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Drinking lots of water at night is actually a good practice for promoting urinary health and preventing urinary tract infections (UTIs). Adequate hydration helps to flush out bacteria from the urinary tract, reducing the risk of infections. Therefore, the statement that drinking lots of water at night might have caused a UTI is incorrect. The other choices describe common causes of UTIs such as holding the urge to urinate, introducing bacteria through instruments or catheters, and poor hygiene practices after defecation.
The nurse is caring for an infant with a suspected urinary tract infection. Which clinical manifestations should be expected? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Vomiting
- B. Jaundice
- C. Failure to gain weight
- D. Swelling of the face
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A urinary tract infection (UTI) in an infant may present with symptoms such as vomiting and failure to gain weight. Vomiting can be a common sign of UTI in infants due to irritation and inflammation in the urinary tract. Additionally, infants with UTIs may experience poor feeding and failure to gain weight due to the discomfort and systemic effects of the infection. While symptoms like jaundice, swelling of the face, back pain, and persistent diaper rash can be seen in other conditions, they are not typically associated with a urinary tract infection in infants.