Nokea
Signs of aging at the cellular level are
- A. graying hair, waning strength, and wrinkles.
- B. unrepaired DNA and abnormal proteins.
- C. impaired cell division and the ability to break down and recycle worn cell parts.
- D. a fatty liver and clogged blood vessels.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is 'impaired cell division and the ability to break down and recycle worn cell parts.' Aging at the cellular level involves reduced efficiency in cell division and the breakdown/recycling of cellular components, leading to functional decline. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they involve external physical manifestations or organ-specific issues rather than cellular-level changes associated with aging.
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Is cadaver dissection against the law in the U.S.?
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
- C. Not Sure
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cadaver dissection is not against the law in the U.S. In fact, cadaver dissection is a common practice in medical schools and research institutions for educational and research purposes. The correct answer is 'False' because there are specific regulations and ethical guidelines that govern the use of cadavers for dissection. Choice C, 'Not Sure,' is incorrect as the legality of cadaver dissection is a well-established fact. Choice D, 'None of the above,' is also incorrect as one of the provided options is indeed correct.
Is oxygen the primary raw material for new living material?
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
- C. Not Sure
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: While oxygen is essential for many living organisms, it is not the primary raw material for new living material. The primary raw materials for new living material are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur, collectively known as CHNOPS elements. These elements are the building blocks of biological molecules and are essential for life. Therefore, the correct answer is False. Choices C and D are incorrect because the primary raw materials for new living material are well-established in biology.
The term 'physiology' is related to
- A. the Latin meaning of 'physical shape.'
- B. the structure of internal organs.
- C. the Greek for 'cutting up.'
- D. the Greek for 'relationship to nature.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The term 'physiology' originates from the Greek words 'physis' (meaning nature) and 'logos' (meaning study or relationship). Therefore, the correct answer is 'the Greek for 'relationship to nature.' Choice A is incorrect as it refers to the Latin meaning of 'physiology,' not the Greek origin. Choice B is incorrect as it is specific to the structure of internal organs, not the overall study of nature. Choice C is incorrect as it refers to a different term related to dissection or anatomy, not physiology.
Most of the terminology to name and describe body parts and their functions comes from
- A. Latin and Greek.
- B. English and Italian.
- C. Pictures drawn on the cave walls of our ancestors.
- D. The language of hunter-gatherers.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is Latin and Greek. Medical terminology is largely derived from Latin and Greek roots. These languages have been foundational in the development of medical terminology due to the precision and descriptive nature of their vocabulary. Choice B, English and Italian, is incorrect because while some medical terms may have originated from these languages, the majority come from Latin and Greek. Choices C and D, pictures drawn on the cave walls of our ancestors and the language of hunter-gatherers, are both incorrect as they do not align with the historical origins of medical terminology.
Which of the following must the human body obtain from the environment in order to survive?
- A. Nitrogen
- B. Waste products
- C. Water
- D. Carbon dioxide
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Water. Water is essential for the human body to survive as it plays a crucial role in various physiological processes like digestion, circulation, and temperature regulation. Nitrogen is abundant in the atmosphere and is not directly obtained from the environment for survival. Waste products are materials that need to be eliminated from the body, not obtained for sustenance. Carbon dioxide is a byproduct of cellular respiration and is expelled from the body through breathing, not obtained as a nutrient.