Nokea
Sitagliptin has been approved for:
- A. Monotherapy in once-daily doses
- B. Combination therapy with metformin
- C. Both 1 and 2
- D. Neither 1 nor 2
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sitagliptin is approved for monotherapy and with metformin , offering flexible type 2 diabetes management.
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If an agonist can produce maximal effects and has high efficacy it's called:
- A. Partial agonist
- B. Antagonist
- C. Agonist-antagonist
- D. Full agonist
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A full agonist achieves maximal receptor activation and effect.
A 50-year-old woman has just been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and given a prescription for metformin. Which of the following statements is characteristic of this medication?
- A. Metformin is inappropriate for initial management of type 2 diabetes
- B. Metformin decreases hepatic glucose production
- C. Metformin undergoes significant metabolism via the cytochrome P450 system
- D. Weight gain is a common adverse effect
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metformin reduces hepatic glucose production, a key mechanism in managing type 2 diabetes, and is often a first-line treatment.
Azathioprine has significant adverse drug effects, including:
- A. Hypertension
- B. Hirsutism
- C. Risk of cancer
- D. Gingival hyperplasia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Azathioprine increases cancer risk (e.g., lymphoma) via immunosuppression; other effects (A, B, D) are less prominent.
Six-year-old Lucy has recently been started on ethosuximide (Zarontin) for seizures. She should be monitored for:
- A. Increased seizure activity, as this drug may auto-induce seizures
- B. Altered renal function, including renal failure
- C. Blood dyscrasias, which are uncommon but possible
- D. Central nervous system excitement, leading to insomnia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ethosuximide can rarely cause blood dyscrasias, requiring monitoring.
A nurse is planning caring for a client who is has a new prescription for Torsemide. The nurse should plan to monitor for which of the following adverse reactions of this medications? (Select one that does not apply.)
- A. Respiratory acidosis
- B. Hypokalemia
- C. Hypotension
- D. Ototoxicity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Torsemide can cause hypokalemia , hypotension , ototoxicity , and dysrhythmias , typical loop diuretic effects.