Nokea
Smokers are at risk for vitamin C deficiency. It is recommended that smokers take vitamin C supplement.
- A. 100 mg/day
- B. 500 mg/day
- C. 1,000 mg/day
- D. 35 mg/day more than nonsmokers
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Smokers require an additional 35 mg/day of vitamin C due to increased oxidative stress.
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If a 10 mg morphine produces a greater analgesic response than can achieved by ibuprofen at any dose, which of the following statements is correct?
- A. Morphine is less efficacious than is ibuprofen
- B. Morphine is less potent than is ibuprofen
- C. Morphine is a full agonist, and ibuprofen is a partial agonist
- D. Morphine is a better pain reliever than Ibuprofen
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Morphine's greater maximal effect suggests higher efficacy, making it a better choice for pain relief, though potency isn't compared here.
Jamie has fractured his ankle and has received a prescription for acetaminophen and hydrocodone (Vicodin). Education when prescribing Vicodin includes:
- A. It is okay to double the dose of Vicodin if the pain is severe
- B. Vicodin is not habit-forming
- C. He should not take any other acetaminophen-containing medications
- D. Vicodin may cause diarrhea; increase his fluid intake
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Avoiding extra acetaminophen prevents overdose; Vicodin is habit-forming , and constipation, not diarrhea , is common.
Cholinergic blockers are used to:
- A. Counteract the extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) effects of phenothiazines
- B. Control tremors and relax smooth muscle in Parkinson's disease
- C. Inhibit the muscarinic action of ACh on bladder muscle
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cholinergic blockers address EPS, Parkinson's symptoms, and bladder overactivity.
A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed Isosorbide Mononitrate for chronic stable Angina and develops reflex tachycardia. Which of the following medications should the nurse expect to administer?
- A. Furosemide
- B. Captopril
- C. Ranolazine
- D. Metoprolol
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Metoprolol , a beta-blocker, treats reflex tachycardia by slowing heart rate.
A nurse working in radiology administers iodine to a patient who is having a computed tomography (CT) scan. The nurse working on the oncology unit administers chemotherapy to patients who have cancer. At the Public Health Department, a nurse administers a measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine to a 14-month-old child as a routine immunization. Which branch of pharmacology best describes the actions of all three nurses?
- A. Pharmacoeconomics
- B. Pharmacotherapeutics
- C. Pharmacodynamics
- D. Pharmacokinetics
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pharmacology is the study of the biologic effects of chemicals. Nurses are involved with clinical pharmacology or pharmacotherapeutics, which is a branch of pharmacology that deals with the uses of drugs to treat, prevent, and diagnose disease. The radiology nurse is administering a drug to help diagnose a disease. The oncology nurse is administering a drug to help treat a disease. Pharmacoeconomics includes any costs involved in drug therapy. Pharmacodynamics involves how a drug affects the body and pharmacokinetics is how the body acts on the body.