Nokea
So that Mrs. Smith will not develop lymphedema postoperatively the nurse should
- A. wrap the left arm in an elastic bandage
- B. keep the left arm adducted and folded over the chest
- C. keep an IV in that arm to keep the vein open
- D. elevate the left arm on a pillow
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Elevating the arm helps prevent lymphedema by promoting lymphatic drainage.
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During the latter stages of pregnancy, many women experience an increase in body hair growth in a masculine pattern. What is the explanation for this?
- A. The ovaries secrete some testosterone along with the large amounts of estrogen produced late in pregnancy
- B. The fetal ovaries and testes secrete androgenic steroids
- C. The maternal and fetal adrenal glands secrete large amounts of androgenic steroids that are used by the placenta to form estrogen
- D. The placenta secretes large amounts of estrogen, some of which is metabolized to testosterone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: Maternal and fetal adrenal glands secrete androgenic steroids.
Step 2: Placenta uses these androgenic steroids to form estrogen.
Step 3: Increased estrogen levels can lead to body hair growth.
Therefore, the correct answer (C) is supported by the process of androgenic steroids being secreted by the adrenal glands, utilized by the placenta to form estrogen, resulting in increased body hair growth.
Summary:
A (The ovaries secrete some testosterone along with estrogen) is incorrect as testosterone is not primarily secreted by the ovaries late in pregnancy.
B (The fetal ovaries and testes secrete androgenic steroids) is incorrect as the primary source of androgenic steroids in this context is the adrenal glands, not fetal ovaries or testes.
D (The placenta secretes estrogen, some of which is metabolized to testosterone) is incorrect as the main source of estrogen in this scenario is from the and
The female reproductive system includes the following structures:
- A. ovary;
- B. Fallopian tubes;
- C. vagina;
- D. vulva;
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: ovary. The female reproductive system includes the ovaries, which are responsible for producing eggs and hormones like estrogen and progesterone. The Fallopian tubes are passageways for eggs to travel from the ovaries to the uterus, not a part of the system itself. The vagina is the birth canal and where sperm enters during intercourse, but it is not a reproductive organ. The vulva includes external genitalia like the labia and clitoris, but it is not a reproductive structure. Therefore, the ovary is the only structure directly involved in the reproductive process.
At the time of ovulation, each secondary oocyte is surrounded by a single layer of cells known as a(n) ________.
- A. vesicular (Graafian) follicle
- B. primary follicle
- C. primordial follicle
- D. uterine (fallopian) follicle
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: vesicular (Graafian) follicle. At the time of ovulation, the secondary oocyte is surrounded by this structure, which is a mature follicle containing a fluid-filled antrum. This structure is essential for the release of the oocyte during ovulation. The other choices, B: primary follicle, C: primordial follicle, and D: uterine (fallopian) follicle, are incorrect because primary follicles are immature, primordial follicles are the earliest stage of follicle development, and uterine (fallopian) follicle is not a correct anatomical term.
The superior portion of the uterus is the _____.
- A. body
- B. cervix
- C. fundus
- D. infundibulum
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: fundus. The fundus is the superior portion of the uterus, located above the entry point of the fallopian tubes. It is the part of the uterus where the fertilized egg implants and grows during pregnancy. The body of the uterus (choice A) is the main central portion, the cervix (choice B) is the lower narrow part that connects to the vagina, and the infundibulum (choice D) is a part of the fallopian tube, not the uterus. Thus, the fundus is the correct choice as it specifically refers to the superior portion of the uterus.
Which vitamin is essential for bone formation?
- A. A
- B. D
- C. B
- D. K
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vitamin D. Vitamin D is essential for bone formation as it helps the body absorb calcium, a key mineral for bone health. Without sufficient vitamin D, the body cannot effectively utilize calcium, leading to weakened bones. Vitamin A (Choice A) is important for vision and immune function, not specifically bone formation. Vitamin C (Choice C) is crucial for collagen synthesis but not directly involved in bone formation. Vitamin K (Choice D) plays a role in blood clotting and bone mineralization but is not as directly linked to bone formation as Vitamin D.