Nokea
Soft spots that refers to unossified areas in an infants skull is termed as
- A. Sulcus
- B. Sinus
- C. Fontanelle
- D. Suture
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Fontanelle. Fontanelles are soft spots in an infant's skull where the bones have not yet fully fused. They allow for the baby's brain to grow and accommodate the rapid brain development during the early months of life. Sulcus refers to a groove or furrow, sinus is a cavity within a bone, and suture is the line where two bones meet. These terms do not specifically refer to the unossified areas in an infant's skull, making them incorrect choices.
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A nurse is taking a health history of a male patient with a possible diagnosis of erectile dysfunction. Which of the following statements made by the patient would the nurse recognize as risk factors for erectile dysfunction?
- A. I have had type 1 diabetes mellitus since I was 8 years old.
- B. I frequently have urinary tract infections.
- C. I am taking medications to control my blood pressure.
- D. I have an enlarged prostate gland.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because type 1 diabetes mellitus is a well-known risk factor for erectile dysfunction due to its impact on blood flow and nerve function. Diabetes can damage blood vessels and nerves that are essential for achieving and maintaining an erection. This patient's long history of type 1 diabetes increases the likelihood of developing erectile dysfunction.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because urinary tract infections, blood pressure medications, and an enlarged prostate gland are not directly associated with erectile dysfunction. Urinary tract infections typically do not affect erectile function, blood pressure medications may have erectile dysfunction as a side effect but are not a direct risk factor, and an enlarged prostate gland is more related to urinary symptoms rather than erectile dysfunction.
The male gonads have both sperm-
- A. producing
- B. estrogen functions and are called ________.
- C. progesterone
- D. testes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why the correct answer is D:
1. Testes are the male gonads responsible for producing sperm.
2. The testes function as the primary reproductive organ in males.
3. Sperm production occurs in the seminiferous tubules within the testes.
4. The testes also produce testosterone, the primary male sex hormone.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
A: Producing - While testes do produce sperm, this choice lacks specificity regarding the male gonads.
B: Estrogen functions and are called ________ - Estrogen is a female sex hormone, not produced by male gonads.
C: Progesterone - Progesterone is a female sex hormone produced mainly by the ovaries, not by male gonads.
Which hormone initiates and sustains labor contractions?
- A. estrogen
- B. HCG
- C. relaxin
- D. oxytocin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: oxytocin. Oxytocin is the hormone responsible for initiating and sustaining labor contractions by stimulating the uterine muscles. It acts on the smooth muscle cells of the uterus to increase contractions. Estrogen (A) plays a role in preparing the uterus for labor but doesn't initiate contractions. HCG (B) is a hormone produced during pregnancy but is not directly involved in labor. Relaxin (C) helps relax the pelvic ligaments to facilitate childbirth, but it doesn't initiate contractions.
The superior region of the vagina is the _____.
- A. vaginal orifice
- B. cervix
- C. hymen
- D. vaginal rugae
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: cervix. The cervix is the lower portion of the uterus that protrudes into the vaginal canal. It is located at the superior region of the vagina. The vaginal orifice (A) refers to the opening of the vagina, not the superior region. The hymen (C) is a thin membrane that partially covers the vaginal opening and is not related to the superior region. Vaginal rugae (D) are the ridges or folds in the vaginal wall that allow for expansion, which are not specific to the superior region.
The ejaculatory duct is the union of the vas deferens and _____.
- A. seminal vesicle
- B. prostate
- C. ampulla
- D. urethra
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: seminal vesicle. The ejaculatory duct is formed by the union of the vas deferens and the seminal vesicle. The seminal vesicle contributes seminal fluid that mixes with sperm from the vas deferens to form semen. The prostate gland surrounds the ejaculatory duct but does not directly join it. The ampulla is an enlarged portion of the vas deferens but does not directly connect to the ejaculatory duct. The urethra is the tube that carries urine and semen out of the body but is not part of the ejaculatory duct. Therefore, the correct answer is A because the seminal vesicle directly joins with the vas deferens to form the ejaculatory duct.