Endocrine System MCQ Questions

Endocrine System MCQ Questions Related

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Some medications for relief of cold/allergy symptoms contain pseudoephedrine, which acts as a decongestant. If a patient who is taking an MAO inhibitor takes pseudoephedrine, what is the likely outcome?

  • A. Acute bronchospasm/asthma due to ACh release from the adrenal medulla
  • B. Hypertensive crisis, possible stroke
  • C. Heart rate and contractile force would drop significantly and quickly
  • D. The cold symptoms would quickly get worse (increased secretions)
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: MAO inhibitors prevent the breakdown of neurotransmitters like norepinephrine.
Step 2: Pseudoephedrine stimulates the release of norepinephrine.
Step 3: The combination can lead to excessive norepinephrine, causing hypertension and potential stroke.
Therefore, the likely outcome when a patient taking an MAO inhibitor also takes pseudoephedrine is a hypertensive crisis and possible stroke (Choice B).

Summary:
- Choice A (acute bronchospasm/asthma due to ACh release from the adrenal medulla) is incorrect because pseudoephedrine does not directly cause this response.
- Choice C (heart rate and contractile force would drop significantly and quickly) is incorrect as pseudoephedrine tends to increase heart rate and blood pressure.
- Choice D (the cold symptoms would quickly get worse - increased secretions) is incorrect as pseudoephedrine is a decongestant and would not worsen cold symptoms

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ACTH stimulates the:

  • A. hypothalamus to secrete corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH).
  • B. adenohypophysis to secrete cortisol.
  • C. adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol.
  • D. adrenal medulla to secrete glucagon.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol. Step 1: ACTH is released from the anterior pituitary gland. Step 2: ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce and release cortisol. Choice A is incorrect because CRH is secreted by the hypothalamus to stimulate ACTH release. Choice B is incorrect because cortisol is produced in the adrenal cortex, not the adenohypophysis. Choice D is incorrect because the adrenal medulla secretes adrenaline and noradrenaline, not glucagon.

Mole for mole, which of the following has the greatest effect on Na+ excretion?

  • A. Progesterone
  • B. Cortisol
  • C. Vasopressin
  • D. Aldosterone
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Aldosterone. Aldosterone directly influences the reabsorption of sodium in the kidney tubules, leading to increased Na+ excretion. Progesterone (A) does not have a significant effect on Na+ excretion. Cortisol (B) mainly affects glucose metabolism and has minimal impact on Na+ excretion. Vasopressin (C) primarily regulates water reabsorption, not Na+ excretion. Therefore, Aldosterone has the greatest effect on Na+ excretion due to its specific role in sodium reabsorption in the kidneys.

____________ is a steroid hormone.

  • A. Vitamin D
  • B. Epinephrine
  • C. Insulin
  • D. all of these
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Vitamin D is the correct answer as it is a steroid hormone synthesized from cholesterol. Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol and have a similar chemical structure. Epinephrine and Insulin are not steroid hormones. Epinephrine is a catecholamine produced by the adrenal glands, and Insulin is a peptide hormone produced by the pancreas. Choice D is incorrect as not all options listed are steroid hormones.

Most endocrine secretions are controlled by _____.

  • A. positive feedback.
  • B. negative feedback.
  • C. neural feedback.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Negative feedback is the primary mechanism in endocrine system regulation to maintain homeostasis.
Step 2: When hormone levels reach a certain set point, negative feedback signals the gland to stop producing that hormone.
Step 3: This ensures that hormone levels remain within a specific range.
Step 4: Positive feedback would lead to further hormone secretion, disrupting homeostasis.
Step 5: Neural feedback is not a common mechanism for regulating endocrine secretions.

Which of the following is not a parasympatholytic drug:

  • A. Atropine
  • B. Propantheline
  • C. Pirenzepine
  • D. Edrophonium
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Edrophonium, because it is not a parasympatholytic drug but rather a parasympathomimetic drug used for diagnosing myasthenia gravis. Atropine (A), Propantheline (B), and Pirenzepine (C) are all parasympatholytic drugs that inhibit the parasympathetic nervous system by blocking acetylcholine receptors. Atropine is a nonselective muscarinic receptor antagonist, Propantheline is an antimuscarinic drug used to treat gastrointestinal disorders, and Pirenzepine is a selective M1 receptor antagonist used to reduce gastric acid secretion. Therefore, D is the correct choice as it does not belong to the category of parasympatholytic drugs.

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