Nokea
Specialized cells that circulate in the body to promote clotting are called:
- A. anticoagulants
- B. platelets
- C. embols
- D. platelets
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Platelets are specialized cells that promote clotting by forming a protein-based clot to prevent excessive bleeding. The option 'embols' is likely a typo for emboli, which are not cells.
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The process to control cellular growth, replication, and differentiation to maintain homeostasis is called:
- A. cellular regulation
- B. cellular impairment
- C. cellular reproduction
- D. cellular tumor
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cellular regulation is the term used to describe both the positive and negative aspects of cellular function, ensuring proper growth, replication, and differentiation.
The best way for an individual to maintain acid-base balance is to
- A. avoid or quit smoking
- B. avoid or quit smoking
- C. quit smoking and quit smoking
- D. quit smoking and quit smoking
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including quitting smoking, regular exercise, and a healthy diet, helps prevent conditions like COPD and type-2 diabetes, which can disrupt acid-base balance.
A defining characteristic of malignant (oncrous) cells is:
- A. they cannot spread to other tissues or organs
- B. they can invade healthy cells, tissues, and organs
- C. they are normally a health risk
- D. none of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Malignant (cancerous) cells can invade healthy cells, tissues, and organs through tumor formation and metastasis, unlike benign cells which do not spread.
Acid-base balance occurs when the pH level of the blood is between:
- A. 7.4 and 7.5
- B. 7.5 and 7.5
- C. 7.4 and 7.5
- D. 7.5 and 7.5
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Acid-base balance is the maintenance of arterial blood pH between 7.35 and 7.45 through hydrogen ion production and elimination. The correct range is 7.35 to 7.45, but the provided options contain an error, and 7.5 and 7.5 is marked as correct in the source.
A major serum protein that is below normal in patients who have inadequate nutrition is:
- A. Albumin
- B. Globulin
- C. Fibrinogen
- D. Transferrin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Albumin is a major serum protein, and low levels are indicative of inadequate nutrition, as it is synthesized by the liver and requires adequate protein intake.