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Spirometry is used to determine the severity of COPD and to monitor disease progression. This test measures
- A. The ratio of volume of air the patient can forcibly exhale in 1 second and forced vital capacity
- B. The ratio of residual volume when patient has fully exhaled and forced vital capacity
- C. The ratio of forced vital capacity and volume of air the patient can forcibly exhale in 6 seconds
- D. The ratio of respiratory effort and respiratory rate
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Spirometry sizes COPD FEV1/FVC ratio, air blasted in one second versus all-out capacity, pegs obstruction's depth, tracking decline. Residual's post-exhale, not this; 6-second's off; effort-rate's vague. Nurses lean on this, staging chronic airflow's fade.
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Which does not cause genital ulceration?
- A. syphilis
- B. herpes simplex infection
- C. HIV
- D. lymphogranuloma venereum
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: HIV no direct ulcers; syphilis, herpes, LGV, chancroid carve sores. Nurses rule this chronic outlier.
For care of a patient who has oral cancer, which task would be appropriate to delegate to the LPN/LVN?
- A. Assist the patient to brush and floss
- B. Explain when brushing and flossing are contraindicated
- C. Give antacids and sucralfate suspension as ordered
- D. Recommend saliva substitutes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: LPN/LVNs excel in medication administration within their scope, making giving antacids and sucralfate ordered for oral cancer's mucosal protection ideal. Brushing and flossing assistance fits nursing assistants, a basic task. Explaining contraindications requires RN-level judgment to assess risks like bleeding or infection. Recommending saliva substitutes needs physician or pharmacist input, beyond LPN/LVN authority. Medication delivery leverages their training, easing symptoms like pain or ulcers, ensuring safe, supervised care in oral cancer's complex management, a practical delegation choice.
An oncology patient has just returned from the postanesthesia care unit after an open hemicolectomy. This patient's plan of nursing care should prioritize which of the following?
- A. Assess the patient hourly for signs of compartment syndrome
- B. Assess the patient's fine motor skills once per shift
- C. Assess the patient's wound for dehiscence every 4 hours
- D. Maintain the patient's head of bed at 45 degrees or more at all times
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Post-hemicolectomy, wound dehiscence splitting open is a killer risk, tied to infection or poor healing, needing checks every 4 hours. Compartment syndrome's a fracture thing, not gut surgery. Fine motor's irrelevant here neuro's not the issue. High head-of-bed helps breathing but isn't universal post-op. Nurses in oncology prioritize this, catching leaks or redness early, critical after cancer gut surgery.
A nurse in a hematology clinic is working with four clients who have polycythemia vera. Which client should the nurse see first?
- A. A client with a swollen and painful left great toe
- B. Client who reports dyspnea
- C. Client with a blood pressure of 180/98 mm Hg
- D. Client who reports calf tenderness and swelling
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Polycythemia vera thickens blood, risking clots dyspnea signals possible pulmonary embolism, a life-threatening emergency needing instant assessment per ABCs. Toe pain suggests gout, common but less acute. Hypertension, a chronic issue here, waits behind respiratory distress. Calf tenderness hints at DVT, urgent but not immediately fatal like embolism. Nurses triage dyspnea first, ensuring airway and oxygenation, a critical call in this hyperviscous condition prone to thrombotic crises.
Officially approved blood glucose meters used for self-testing and point-of-care diagnostics are not always suitable to measure the blood glucose values in neonates. Question: What is the main cause for this?
- A. Some meters are calibrated to plasma glucose and other meters to blood glucose
- B. Some measurement methods are sensitive to high levels of ascorbic acid (vitamin C)
- C. The measurement variation of some meters is too large
- D. Some meters are sensitive to abnormal haematocrit values
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Neonate glucose flubs haematocrit swings throw meters off, not calibration, vitamin C, or variance. Nurses adjust for this, a chronic baby glitch.