Nokea
What does the abbreviation DALY stand for?
- A. Definition of anticipated life years
- B. Diabetes-affected life years
- C. Disability-adjusted life years
- D. Disease-affected life years
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: DALY disability-adjusted life years tallies lost health, not diabetes alone or vague terms. Nurses use this, a chronic burden metric.
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Which of the following statements regarding weight regulation is TRUE?
- A. Weight regain after weight loss is physiological and not necessarily due to a failure of conscious efforts (to lose weight)
- B. The reward system of weight regulation is homeostatic in nature
- C. Liking' and wanting' of food are mainly conscious processes
- D. In human studies, functional MRI (fMRI) studies have shown deficiency in reward-encoding brain regions and/or over activation in cortical inhibitory networks in obese people
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Weight bounces back biology, not just willpower; rewards aren't homeostatic, liking's subconscious, fMRI flips, hypothalamus rules. Nurses get this chronic rebound truth.
A nurse is caring for a client recently diagnosed with pericarditis. Which of the following is a common assessment finding with this disorder?
- A. Elevated troponin
- B. Pericardial friction rub
- C. Heart failure
- D. ST-segment depression
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pericarditis rubs the sac pericardial friction rub, a scratchy sound, marks inflammation, a common find as layers grate. Troponin rises with muscle damage, not here. Heart failure or ST depression hints tamponade or ischemia, not direct. Nurses auscultate this rub, tying it to pericarditis's irritated core, a diagnostic bellwether.
When caring for a patient who is pancytopenic, which action by unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) indicates a need for the nurse to intervene?
- A. The UAP assists the patient to use dental floss after eating.
- B. The UAP adds baking soda to the patient's saline oral rinses.
- C. The UAP puts fluoride toothpaste on the patient's toothbrush.
- D. The UAP has the patient rinse after meals with a saline solution.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pancytopenia low everything means flossing risks bleeding and infection in a mouth with no platelets or immunity; baking soda , fluoride , and saline are safe. Nurses in oncology stop this UAP need soft-brush guidance, not floss, to protect fragile mucosa.
The nurse understands that the physician would need to be notified regarding a chemotherapy dose if the client experiences:
- A. Fatigue
- B. Nausea and vomiting
- C. Stomatitis
- D. Bone marrow suppression
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Chemotherapy's marrow hit bone marrow suppression drops counts like neutrophils or platelets, risking infection or bleeding, a dose-limiting toxicity needing physician review to adjust or pause treatment. Fatigue, nausea, and stomatitis are common, manageable with nursing care rest, antiemetics, mouth rinses unless extreme. Suppression's severity, tied to labs (e.g., ANC <500), halts therapy to protect the client, a critical threshold nurses monitor, distinguishing it from routine side effects, ensuring safety in this marrow-bashing regimen.
An oncology patient has just returned from the postanesthesia care unit after an open hemicolectomy. This patient's plan of nursing care should prioritize which of the following?
- A. Assess the patient hourly for signs of compartment syndrome
- B. Assess the patient's fine motor skills once per shift
- C. Assess the patient's wound for dehiscence every 4 hours
- D. Maintain the patient's head of bed at 45 degrees or more at all times
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Post-hemicolectomy, wound dehiscence splitting open is a killer risk, tied to infection or poor healing, needing checks every 4 hours. Compartment syndrome's a fracture thing, not gut surgery. Fine motor's irrelevant here neuro's not the issue. High head-of-bed helps breathing but isn't universal post-op. Nurses in oncology prioritize this, catching leaks or redness early, critical after cancer gut surgery.