NCLEX Chronic Illness Practice Questions

NCLEX Chronic Illness Practice Questions Related

Review NCLEX Chronic Illness Practice Questions related questions and content

Spirometry is used to determine the severity of COPD and to monitor disease progression. This test measures

  • A. The ratio of volume of air the patient can forcibly exhale in 1 second and forced vital capacity.
  • B. The ratio of residual volume when patient has fully exhaled and forced vital capacity.
  • C. The ratio of forced vital capacity and volume of air the patient can forcibly exhale in 6 seconds.
  • D. The ratio of respiratory effort and respiratory rate.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Spirometry is the gold standard for COPD diagnosis and staging, measuring airflow obstruction. The ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁) to forced vital capacity (FVC) FEV₁/FVC quantifies limitation; a value <0.7 post-bronchodilator confirms COPD, with FEV₁ percentage grading severity (e.g., GOLD stages). Residual volume (RV) to FVC isn't standard in basic spirometry RV requires advanced testing (e.g., plethysmography) and reflects air trapping, not routine staging. FVC versus a 6-second exhale (FEV₆) approximates in some settings but isn't the clinical norm for COPD. Respiratory effort and rate aren't spirometric; they're observational. FEV₁/FVC's precision, per Deravin and Anderson (2019), tracks obstruction progression and guides therapy, making it foundational for assessing COPD's irreversible nature.

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A client tells the oncology nurse about an upcoming vacation to the beach to celebrate completing radiation treatments for cancer. What response by the nurse is most appropriate?

  • A. Avoid getting salt water on the radiation site.
  • B. Do not expose the radiation area to direct sunlight.
  • C. Have a wonderful time and enjoy your vacation!
  • D. Remember you should not drink alcohol for a year.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Post-radiation skin at the treatment site remains highly sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) rays due to damage to the epidermal layer, increasing the risk of burns, irritation, or delayed healing. The nurse's most appropriate response is to advise against exposing the radiation area to direct sunlight, a precaution that persists for at least a year after treatment to protect skin integrity. Avoiding saltwater isn't a standard concern unless the skin is broken, which isn't indicated here. Simply wishing the client well ignores the teaching opportunity and potential risk. The alcohol restriction isn't a universal post-radiation rule unless tied to specific treatments or conditions not mentioned. Educating about sun exposure empowers the client to enjoy the vacation safely, aligning with nursing's preventive care focus and ensuring the celebration isn't marred by avoidable complications.

A nurse is caring for a client recently diagnosed with leukemia. Which of the following signs and symptoms are consistent with this diagnosis?

  • A. Bone pain
  • B. Bleeding gums
  • C. Weight gain
  • D. Increased urination
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Leukemia's marrow takeover bleeds out gums ooze from thrombocytopenia, a textbook sign as platelets tank. Bone pain hits from blasts crowding marrow; bruising tags along. Weight gain or urination spikes don't fit cachexia's more likely. Nurses watch bleeding, linking it to leukemia's hematologic havoc, a key clue in this cancer's brutal spread.

Madam Lim 79 years old is functionally independent and lives in the community. She has osteoarthritis of the knee and hypertension. What would you set her target BP to be?

  • A. <120/80 mmHg
  • B. <130/80 mmHg
  • C. <135/85 mmHg
  • D. <150/90 mmHg
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Fit 79 <150/90 balances hypertension, age; tighter risks falls, joints. Nurses set this chronic elder goal.

Which of the following interventions should be included in the nutrition care plan of the client with atherosclerosis?

  • A. Limit sodium intake to 6 g per day
  • B. Increase full-fat dairy products
  • C. Increase saturated fats
  • D. Increase daily intake of vegetables, fruits, and whole grains
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Atherosclerosis plaque-laden arteries thrives on poor diet. Boosting vegetables, fruits, and whole grains slashes cholesterol and inflammation, slowing plaque via fiber and antioxidants, a cornerstone of cardiac nutrition. Sodium limits help hypertension, but 6 g exceeds heart-healthy goals (2.3 g). Full-fat dairy and saturated fats fuel plaque, worsening disease. Nurses push plant-based eating, aligning with evidence to reverse atherosclerosis's march, a proactive step over mere restriction in this vascular battle.

Diabetes is associated with pathophysiological mechanisms that contribute to the development of cardiovascular events. Question: What is the approximate percentage of diabetes patients who also have hypertension?

  • A. 25%
  • B. 50%
  • C. 75%
  • D. 100%
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Diabetes and hypertension 75% overlap, sugar and pressure tag-team hearts. Nurses watch this, a chronic duo hit.

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