Nokea
State four (4) negative symptoms of schizophrenia
- A. Apathy
- B. Social withdrawal
- C. Blunted affect
- D. Poverty of speech
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Negative symptoms involve diminished function, such as lack of emotion, isolation, flat affect, and reduced verbal output.
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According to statistical research data, which of these children currently being followed by the pediatric nurse practitioner is at the greatest risk for fatal abuse?
- A. A child who is 2 years old and has cerebral palsy
- B. A child who is 5 years old and has measles
- C. A child who is 8 years old and has appendicitis
- D. A child who is 11 years old and has a fractured humerus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because young children with disabilities, like cerebral palsy, are at the highest risk for fatal abuse based on statistical research. These children may be more vulnerable due to their dependency on caregivers and communication challenges. Choice B is incorrect as measles, although serious, is not associated with fatal abuse. Choice C is incorrect as appendicitis is a medical condition and not a risk factor for abuse. Choice D is incorrect as a fractured humerus, while concerning, does not indicate a higher risk for fatal abuse compared to a child with cerebral palsy.
In refeeding syndrome that develops during nutritional rehabilitation of a patient with eating disorder, what is the most important biochemical change?
- A. Hypomagnesemia
- B. Hypophosphatemia
- C. Hypokalaemia
- D. Hypoglycaemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypophosphatemia is the most critical biochemical change in refeeding syndrome, as it can lead to severe complications like cardiac arrest.
A patient with schizophrenia tells the nurse 'I don't know, it's just all the same. You never know. It comes, it goes, it blows away. Get it?' The best response for the nurse to make would be:
- A. Nothing you are saying is clear; you are not making sense.'
- B. Yes, life can be like that sometimes, very confusing.'
- C. Try to organize your thoughts and then tell me again.'
- D. I am having difficulty understanding what you are saying.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because it reflects active listening and acknowledges the patient's communication difficulties without being dismissive. By stating difficulty in understanding, the nurse shows empathy and openness to further clarification. Choice A is incorrect as it may be perceived as judgmental. Choice B is incorrect as it does not address the patient's communication challenges. Choice C is incorrect as it places the responsibility solely on the patient without offering support.
The psychiatric-mental health nurse knows that the patient's spouse clearly understands the adverse effects of lithium carbonate (Eskalith), when they say:
- A. I should call the doctor if my spouse shakes badly'
- B. I should make sure my spouse drinks as much water as possible'
- C. My spouse must remain on a salt-free diet'
- D. When the lithium level is 1.6mEq\L, my spouse can go back to work'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Tremors are a common lithium side effect requiring medical attention; other options reflect misunderstanding (e.g., salt-free diet increases toxicity risk, 1.6mEq\L is toxic).
An elderly client was well until 12 hours ago, when she reported to her family that during the evening she saw strange faces peering in her windows and in the middle of the night awakened to see a man standing at the foot of her bed. She admits to being very frightened. She is presently pacing and somewhat agitated in the examining room. The client's family reports that the client has recently been to the doctor, who made some medication changes, although they are unsure what the changes were. Which nursing intervention should the nurse implement at the time of this client's admission?
- A. Interact with the client on an adult to child level.
- B. Place the client in a safe, nonstimulating environment.
- C. Ask client why she thinks someone would be trying to frighten her.
- D. Explain to the family that the client will be restrained for her own good.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Place the client in a safe, nonstimulating environment. This is the most appropriate nursing intervention because the client is experiencing hallucinations and agitation, which could be due to the recent medication changes. Placing the client in a safe, calm environment can help reduce stimulation and provide a sense of security. This intervention addresses the client's immediate needs by ensuring her safety and promoting a sense of comfort.
Incorrect answers:
A: Interact with the client on an adult to child level - This is not appropriate as it does not address the client's current state of distress and could potentially worsen the situation.
C: Ask client why she thinks someone would be trying to frighten her - This is not the priority at this time, as the client is experiencing hallucinations and agitation that need to be managed first.
D: Explain to the family that the client will be restrained for her own good - Restraints should only be used as a last resort and should not be considered