Nokea
State the Indications and Modes of Mechanical Ventilation.
- A. Respiratory failure
- B. ARDS
- C. Both A and B
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mechanical ventilation is used for respiratory failure and acute conditions like ARDS.
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What is the condition where a blood clot blocks an artery in the lungs, causing shortness of breath, chest pain, and other symptoms?
- A. Pulmonary embolism
- B. Pneumothorax
- C. Pleural effusion
- D. Aneurysm
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pulmonary embolism. A pulmonary embolism occurs when a blood clot travels to the lungs and blocks an artery, leading to symptoms like shortness of breath and chest pain. This happens because the clot obstructs blood flow to the lung tissue, causing a decrease in oxygen levels. The other choices, B: Pneumothorax, C: Pleural effusion, and D: Aneurysm, do not involve a blood clot blocking an artery in the lungs. Pneumothorax is a collapsed lung due to air in the chest cavity, Pleural effusion is the accumulation of fluid in the space between the lungs and chest wall, and an Aneurysm is a bulging and weakened blood vessel.
What are the pressure-sensitive structures located in the aortic and carotid bodies called?
- A. Baroreceptors
- B. Chemoreceptors
- C. Nociceptors
- D. Mechanoreceptors
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Baroreceptors. Baroreceptors are pressure-sensitive structures that detect changes in blood pressure in the aortic and carotid bodies. They help regulate blood pressure by sending signals to the brain to adjust heart rate and blood vessel dilation. Chemoreceptors (B) detect changes in chemical composition, not pressure. Nociceptors (C) detect pain stimuli. Mechanoreceptors (D) detect mechanical stimuli, not specifically pressure changes. Therefore, the correct answer is A as baroreceptors specifically respond to changes in blood pressure.
The client on digoxin has a potassium level of 3.0 mEq/L. What is the nurse's priority action?
- A. Administer a potassium supplement
- B. Hold the digoxin and notify the healthcare provider
- C. Continue the current digoxin dose
- D. Administer Digibind
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hold the digoxin and notify the healthcare provider. A potassium level of 3.0 mEq/L can increase the risk of digoxin toxicity as hypokalemia potentiates its effects. Holding the digoxin and informing the healthcare provider allows for further assessment and possible adjustment of the medication regimen. Administering a potassium supplement (A) without adjusting the digoxin dose can still lead to toxicity. Continuing the current digoxin dose (C) without addressing the low potassium level puts the client at risk. Administering Digibind (D) is not necessary at this point as the priority is to address the low potassium level and prevent digoxin toxicity.
What procedure involves inserting a flexible tube with a light and camera into the airways to examine the lungs and collect samples?
- A. Bronchoscopy
- B. Thoracentesis
- C. Lung biopsy
- D. Chest X-ray
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bronchoscopy. Bronchoscopy involves inserting a tube with a light and camera into the airways to examine the lungs and collect samples. It allows visualization of the airways, biopsy of lung tissue, and collection of samples for further analysis. Thoracentesis involves removing fluid from the pleural space, lung biopsy involves taking a tissue sample from the lung, and a chest X-ray is a radiographic imaging technique that shows the structures in the chest but does not involve direct visualization or sampling of the airways.
A client is undergoing a minimally invasive valve approach for surgery by the heart surgeon. What is the main advantage of this type of approach?
- A. Increased surgical trauma
- B. Decreased blood loss
- C. Slower mobility
- D. Less anxiety
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Minimally invasive techniques reduce blood loss, enhance recovery, and minimize complications.