Nokea
Sudden death in an athlete immediately after forceful blunt trauma to the chest is most likely
- A. commotio cordis
- B. myocardial infarction
- C. lacerated coronary artery
- D. ruptured cardiac tendineae
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Commotio cordis occurs due to sudden arrhythmias triggered by chest trauma during a vulnerable phase of the cardiac cycle.
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What are FIVE immediate management steps for an infant with Tetralogy of Fallot presenting with saturations of 60%?
- A. Knees to chest
- B. Calm baby
- C. Oxygen
- D. Beta-blocker
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The knees-to-chest position helps increase systemic vascular resistance, improving oxygen saturation in a tetralogy of Fallot crisis.
A client with urolithiasis is preparing for discharge after lithotripsy. Which intervention should the nurse include in the client's postoperative discharge instructions?
- A. Prepare for transcutaneous pacing
- B. Deliver another defibrillator shock
- C. Administer IV Epinephrine per ACLS protocol
- D. Give IV dose of adenosine rapidly over 1-2 seconds
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The client may experience arrhythmia, and the correct intervention is giving IV adenosine to slow the heart rate.
Rett syndrome is characterised by:
- A. Social withdrawal
- B. Self-mutilation
- C. Macrocephaly
- D. Wringing hand movements
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Wringing hand movements are a hallmark feature of Rett syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder primarily affecting females.
Urinary tract infection:
- A. Usually leads to vesico-ureteric reflux
- B. Is more common in boys than girls under a year of age
- C. In boys,is most commonly caused by Proteus mirabilis
- D. Is associated with constipation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are often associated with constipation in children, as stool retention can increase the risk of bacterial colonization in the urinary tract.
The MOST common cause of pulmonary hypertension in pediatric patients is
- A. idiopathic pulmonary hypertension
- B. pulmonary venoocclusive disease
- C. left-sided valvular heart disease
- D. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension is a rare but recognized cause of pulmonary hypertension in children.