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Systematic lupus erymematosus (SLE) primarily attacks which of the following tissues?
- A. Lung
- B. B. Heart
- C. Nerve
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that primarily attacks various tissues and organs in the body, including the skin, joints, kidneys, and nervous system. In particular, SLE can affect the peripheral nervous system, leading to symptoms such as neuropathy, mononeuritis multiplex, and other neurological manifestations. Therefore, among the given options, the nerve is the tissue primarily targeted by SLE.
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A 9-mo-old infant is recently diagnosed with bilateral retinoblastoma; examination under anesthesia reveals bilateral multifocal involvement of the retina. An important next step in the management is
- A. radiotherapy of both eyes
- B. retinal examination of 1st degree relatives
- C. orbital ultrasonography
- D. bilateral enucleation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Retinal examination of first-degree relatives is crucial to identify hereditary forms of retinoblastoma.
A school nurse observes a child, with a peanut allergy, in obvious distress, wheezing and cyanotic, after ingestion of some trail mix containing peanuts. Place the interventions the nurse should implement in order of the highest priority to the lowest priority. Provide answer using lowercase letters separated by commas (e.g., a, b, c, d).
- A. Call Jason's parents and notify them of the situation.
- B. Call Jason's family practitioner to obtain further orders for medication.
- C. Promptly administer an intramuscular dose of epinephrine. TestBankWorld.org
- D. Call 911 and wait for the emergency response personnel to arrive.
Correct Answer: c
Rationale: The highest priority intervention in this situation is 'C': Promptly administer an intramuscular dose of epinephrine. Epinephrine is The first-line treatment for anaphylaxis, which is a severe allergic reaction that can be life-threatening. Administering Epinephrine as soon as possible can help reverse The symptoms and stabilize The child.
All the following are features of rapid eye movement (REM) EXCEPT
- A. polysomnography
- B. EEG
- C. fibro-optic nasopharngeal examination
- D. CT scan of head and neck
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: CT scan of head and neck is not a feature of REM sleep; it is an imaging study unrelated to the physiological characteristics of REM sleep.
when a female carrier of hemophilia marries a male who is free of the disease, the risk to their off spring for each pregnancy is what:
- A. all female children will be carriers of hemophilia
- B. half the male children will have the hemophilia
- C. all male children will have the disease
- D. half the female children will have hemophilia 125
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder, meaning it is carried on the X chromosome. Females have two X chromosomes, while males have one X and one Y chromosome. In this scenario, the female carrier has one X chromosome with the hemophilia gene and one normal X chromosome. When she has children, she has a 50% chance of passing on the X chromosome with the hemophilia gene to her sons. Therefore, half the male children will inherit hemophilia, while half will not. Daughters, on the other hand, have a 50% chance of inheriting the X chromosome with the hemophilia gene but since it is a recessive disorder, they will be carriers of hemophilia rather than having the disease itself.
A nurse is assessing a child and notes Koplik spots. In which of these communicable diseases are Koplik spots present?
- A. Rubella
- B. Measles (rubeola)
- C. Chickenpox (varicella)
- D. Exanthema subitum (roseola)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Koplik spots are small white spots with a bluish-white center on the buccal mucosa (inside the cheeks). They are a characteristic finding in measles (rubeola) and are considered an early sign of the disease. Measles is a highly contagious viral infection that primarily affects children. In addition to Koplik spots, other symptoms of measles include fever, cough, runny nose, and a characteristic rash that typically starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body. Vaccination is an effective way to prevent measles and its complications.