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The ability to work with diverse groups is an important skill required in community health nursing. What best defines cohesion, one of the core concepts of working in groups?
- A. Cohesion is anything a member does that makes an intentional contribution to the group's purpose.
- B. Cohesion is the perception of a definite move toward meeting the group's goals and tasks.
- C. Cohesion is encouraging all members to describe the experiences in their families and workplaces that they perceive as relevant.
- D. Cohesion is a measure of attraction between individual members and the group.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because cohesion in a group context refers to the level of connection or bond between individual members and the group as a whole. This attraction is essential for fostering teamwork, communication, and collaboration within the group. When members feel connected and committed to the group, they are more likely to work together effectively towards common goals.
Choice A is incorrect because it focuses on individual contributions to the group's purpose rather than the group's overall unity. Choice B is incorrect as it refers to progress towards goals rather than the interpersonal relationships within the group. Choice C is incorrect as it emphasizes sharing personal experiences rather than the bond between members.
In summary, cohesion is about the sense of belonging, trust, and mutual support among group members, which enhances group effectiveness and productivity.
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What is the best intervention a community health nurse (CHN) can initiate to increase lasting resilience among new immigrants?
- A. Directing clients to English-as-a-second-language courses
- B. Giving immigrant clients money to help them get settled
- C. Identifying areas in the city where housing is less expensive
- D. Soliciting donations for food, clothing, and other needs
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because directing clients to English-as-a-second-language courses helps immigrants improve language proficiency, which is crucial for social integration, access to resources, and employment opportunities. Learning English enhances communication skills, self-confidence, and cultural adaptation. This intervention promotes independence and empowerment, fostering lasting resilience.
Incorrect choices:
B: Giving money may provide temporary relief but doesn't address long-term resilience.
C: Identifying cheaper housing doesn't directly enhance resilience without addressing other social determinants.
D: Soliciting donations may meet immediate needs but doesn't build lasting resilience without addressing skill development.
A student asks the school nurse how acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is diagnosed. Which answer is correct?
- A. AIDS is diagnosed through the negative results of a screening test called an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
- B. Antibodies to HIV, which form in about 6 weeks to 3 months following infection with HIV, are detected in the blood.
- C. Antibodies to HIV reach peak levels of 200/mL of blood.
- D. AIDS is diagnosed through positive ELISA results and clinical signs of AIDS.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because antibodies to HIV are typically detected in the blood within 6 weeks to 3 months after infection, indicating exposure to the virus. This seroconversion period is when the body starts producing antibodies to fight the HIV virus. The presence of these antibodies in the blood is a key indicator of HIV infection, leading to a diagnosis of AIDS.
Choice A is incorrect because a negative ELISA result does not diagnose AIDS, as it only indicates the absence of HIV antibodies. Choice C is incorrect as there is no specific peak level of HIV antibodies required for diagnosis. Choice D is incorrect because a positive ELISA result alone is not sufficient to diagnose AIDS; clinical signs and symptoms must also be present.
Which one of the following is a primary prevention activity for decreasing the incidence of communicable diseases?
- A. Identifying and treating clients in a clinic for sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
- B. Partnering with schoolteachers to teach handwashing to elementary school children and observe their techniques
- C. Providing case management services that link clients with communicable diseases to health care and community support services
- D. Providing directly observed therapy (DOT) to clients with active tuberculosis (TB)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because teaching handwashing to elementary school children is a primary prevention activity that aims to decrease the incidence of communicable diseases by preventing the spread of germs. This strategy targets the general population before any disease occurrence, focusing on promoting good hygiene practices.
A, identifying and treating clients in a clinic for STIs, is a secondary prevention activity as it involves early detection and treatment after the disease has already occurred.
C, providing case management services, is a tertiary prevention activity that focuses on managing and reducing the impact of the disease on individuals already affected.
D, providing DOT to clients with active TB, is a secondary prevention activity that involves treatment and monitoring of individuals already infected to prevent further transmission.
What defines group process?
- A. Group process is the degree of attraction and commitment of group members.
- B. Group process is how the group works as a unit and how members interact.
- C. Group process is how the group members connect and relate to each other.
- D. Group process is the attraction between individual members and the group.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because group process refers to how the group operates as a whole and how individual members interact within the group. This includes communication, decision-making, conflict resolution, and overall functioning. Choice A focuses solely on the emotional aspects of group dynamics, while Choice C emphasizes interpersonal relationships. Choice D specifically mentions individual attraction, which is not the same as group process. Therefore, B is the most comprehensive and accurate description of what defines group process.
Which report introduced the concept of health promotion?
- A. Epp Report
- B. Black Report
- C. Lalonde Report
- D. WHO Commission Report on Social Determinants
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lalonde Report. The Lalonde Report, published in 1974, introduced the concept of health promotion by emphasizing the importance of addressing lifestyle factors and social determinants of health. It shifted the focus from solely treating diseases to promoting overall well-being. The Epp Report (A) focused on prevention and health promotion but was published after the Lalonde Report. The Black Report (B) highlighted health inequalities but did not introduce the concept of health promotion. The WHO Commission Report on Social Determinants (D) focused on addressing social inequalities impacting health but did not specifically introduce the concept of health promotion.