Nokea
Activities that focus on rebuilding to predisaster or near-predisaster conditions, and on community safety so that the risk of a recurrence of the disaster is reduced, occur in which part of the disaster management cycle?
- A. Disaster Vulnerability
- B. Disaster Preparedness
- C. Disaster Recovery
- D. Disaster Response
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Disaster Recovery. During the disaster recovery phase, activities aim to rebuild to predisaster or near-predisaster conditions and focus on enhancing community safety to reduce the risk of a recurrence of the disaster. This phase involves restoring infrastructure, services, and livelihoods while implementing measures to mitigate future disasters.
Choice A (Disaster Vulnerability) is incorrect because this phase focuses on assessing the vulnerabilities of a community to potential disasters.
Choice B (Disaster Preparedness) is incorrect as it involves planning and readiness activities before a disaster occurs to minimize its impact.
Choice D (Disaster Response) is incorrect as it deals with immediate actions taken during and immediately after a disaster to save lives, protect property, and meet basic needs.
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A team of community health nurses (CHNs) disagree about the appropriate action to take in relation to a family with an ill family member who have chosen to continue working at their jobs instead of taking time off to care for the ill family member. One CHN states, "It is the wife's responsibility to care for her ill husband." What type of thinking is this CHN applying?
- A. Consequentialism
- B. Deontological ethics
- C. Principlism
- D. Utilitarianism
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Deontological ethics. Deontological ethics focuses on the moral duty or obligation to act in a certain way, regardless of the consequences. In this scenario, the CHN is stating that it is the wife's responsibility to care for her ill husband based on a sense of duty or moral obligation, rather than considering the consequences or outcomes. This type of thinking aligns with deontological ethics as it emphasizes following moral principles or rules.
Incorrect choices:
A: Consequentialism - This ethical theory focuses on the outcomes or consequences of actions rather than the inherent rightness or wrongness of the actions themselves. The CHN's statement does not prioritize consequences.
C: Principlism - Principlism involves ethical decision-making based on a set of ethical principles such as autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice. The CHN's statement does not directly relate to these principles.
D: Utilitarianism - Utilitarianism is
The ability to work with diverse groups is an important skill required in community health nursing. What best defines cohesion, one of the core concepts of working in groups?
- A. Cohesion is anything a member does that makes an intentional contribution to the group's purpose.
- B. Cohesion is the perception of a definite move toward meeting the group's goals and tasks.
- C. Cohesion is encouraging all members to describe the experiences in their families and workplaces that they perceive as relevant.
- D. Cohesion is a measure of attraction between individual members and the group.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because cohesion in a group context refers to the level of connection or bond between individual members and the group as a whole. This attraction is essential for fostering teamwork, communication, and collaboration within the group. When members feel connected and committed to the group, they are more likely to work together effectively towards common goals.
Choice A is incorrect because it focuses on individual contributions to the group's purpose rather than the group's overall unity. Choice B is incorrect as it refers to progress towards goals rather than the interpersonal relationships within the group. Choice C is incorrect as it emphasizes sharing personal experiences rather than the bond between members.
In summary, cohesion is about the sense of belonging, trust, and mutual support among group members, which enhances group effectiveness and productivity.
Which public health service best represents primary prevention?
- A. Developing a health education program about the dangers of smoking
- B. Providing a diabetes clinic for adults in low-income neighbourhoods
- C. Providing an influenza vaccination program in a community retirement village
- D. Teaching school-aged children about the positive effects of exercise
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because developing a health education program about the dangers of smoking is an example of primary prevention, which aims to prevent the occurrence of a disease or injury before it occurs. This intervention targets the root cause of the health issue by educating individuals on the harmful effects of smoking and promoting healthy behaviors to reduce the risk of developing smoking-related diseases. Choices B, C, and D represent secondary or tertiary prevention strategies as they focus on providing care or interventions after the disease has already developed or to prevent complications.
What was the main reason for the brief existence of the nurse practitioner–model educational program?
- A. Inadequate assessment and planning in the local area
- B. Insufficient provincial/territorial funding
- C. The large number of primary care physicians practising in urban areas
- D. The need for nursing expertise and skills in other practice settings
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the main reason for the brief existence of the nurse practitioner–model educational program was the need for nursing expertise and skills in other practice settings. This is supported by the fact that nurse practitioners were developed to address the gap in healthcare services by providing advanced nursing care in various settings. They were trained to deliver high-quality care, fill the need for primary care providers, and improve access to healthcare services.
A: Inadequate assessment and planning in the local area is not the main reason for the brief existence of the program.
B: Insufficient provincial/territorial funding may have been a contributing factor, but it was not the main reason.
C: The large number of primary care physicians practising in urban areas is not directly related to the existence of the nurse practitioner-model educational program.
What is the biggest challenge for community health nurses (CHNs) who are familiar with evidence-informed practice and want to implement it in their care of clients?
- A. Interpreting vast amounts of evidence and integrating it into practice
- B. Advocating for change and convincing others that it is beneficial
- C. Distinguishing evidence-informed practice from practice based on old standards
- D. Showing clients that evidence-informed practice will improve their health outcomes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because interpreting vast amounts of evidence and integrating it into practice is a significant challenge for community health nurses (CHNs) familiar with evidence-informed practice. CHNs need to sift through numerous research studies, guidelines, and data to make informed decisions about client care. By effectively integrating evidence into practice, CHNs can ensure that their interventions are based on the best available evidence, leading to improved client outcomes.
Choice B is incorrect because advocating for change is not the primary challenge related to implementing evidence-informed practice. Choice C is incorrect because distinguishing evidence-informed practice from outdated standards is important but not the biggest challenge. Choice D is incorrect because showing clients the benefits of evidence-informed practice is essential but not the main challenge faced by CHNs in implementing it.