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What is the most important action to be taken by the community health nurse (CHN) who wishes to decrease childhood obesity?
- A. Lobbying legislators to enact stronger legislation regarding unhealthy lunches and food from snack machines in schools
- B. Increasing availability of nutrition programs in which schoolchildren are taught to make healthy food choices
- C. Involving the entire family in the management of obesity in a child
- D. Providing after-school activities and summer camps that focus on diet and exercise
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Involving the entire family in the management of obesity in a child is the most important action because family support and involvement are crucial for sustainable behavior change in children. The family plays a significant role in shaping a child's habits and lifestyle choices. By engaging the entire family, the community health nurse can create a supportive environment where healthy behaviors are encouraged and reinforced consistently. This approach addresses the root causes of childhood obesity by promoting healthy eating habits and physical activity within the child's daily life, rather than relying solely on external interventions like legislation or programs.
Choice A is less effective because while legislation can create a healthier environment, it may not directly address the underlying family dynamics influencing a child's behavior. Choice B is important but may not be as effective as involving the family since parental influence extends beyond school-based programs. Choice D is valuable but may not address the core issue of family involvement, which is crucial for sustainable behavior change.
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Which one of the following is a primary prevention activity for decreasing the incidence of communicable diseases?
- A. Identifying and treating clients in a clinic for sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
- B. Partnering with schoolteachers to teach handwashing to elementary school children and observe their techniques
- C. Providing case management services that link clients with communicable diseases to health care and community support services
- D. Providing directly observed therapy (DOT) to clients with active tuberculosis (TB)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because teaching handwashing to elementary school children is a primary prevention activity that aims to decrease the incidence of communicable diseases by preventing the spread of germs. This strategy targets the general population before any disease occurrence, focusing on promoting good hygiene practices.
A, identifying and treating clients in a clinic for STIs, is a secondary prevention activity as it involves early detection and treatment after the disease has already occurred.
C, providing case management services, is a tertiary prevention activity that focuses on managing and reducing the impact of the disease on individuals already affected.
D, providing DOT to clients with active TB, is a secondary prevention activity that involves treatment and monitoring of individuals already infected to prevent further transmission.
When a concerned citizen asks the community health nurse (CHN) about environmental health, what definition of environmental health does the CHN provide?
- A. Environmental health is the causative factors invading a susceptible host through an environment favourable to producing disease, such as a biological or chemical agent.
- B. Environmental health is the systematic and ongoing observation and collection of data concerning disease occurrence to describe phenomena and detect changes in frequency or distribution.
- C. Environmental health is the study of the effect of physical, chemical, and biological factors in the external environment on human health.
- D. Environmental health is the achievement of health and wellness and the prevention of illness and injury from exposure to physical or psychosocial environmental hazards.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it directly defines environmental health as the study of the impact of external factors on human health. Physical, chemical, and biological elements in the environment can influence health outcomes. Choice A focuses on disease causation, not the broader scope of environmental health. Choice B discusses disease surveillance, not the study of environmental factors. Choice D emphasizes achieving health goals, not the study of environmental factors. Therefore, choice C is the most accurate definition of environmental health.
What is perhaps the most helpful idea among the unlimited suggestions for how to improve health care in Canadian communities?
- A. Increasing funding and personnel to advance new pharmaceutical interventions
- B. Increasing funding for further research into the most effective medical interventions
- C. Increasing technological advances to constantly improve surgical survival rates
- D. Involving communities in their health care and encouraging their participation in decisions about health care
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because involving communities in their health care and encouraging their participation in decisions about health care leads to better health outcomes. By engaging communities, healthcare providers can better understand the specific needs and priorities of the population, leading to more effective and tailored interventions. This approach also promotes trust, patient empowerment, and better adherence to treatment plans.
A, B, and C are incorrect because solely focusing on increasing funding for new pharmaceutical interventions, further research, or technological advances does not address the importance of community involvement in improving health care outcomes. While these factors are essential, they do not directly involve the community in decision-making processes, which is crucial for sustainable and impactful healthcare improvements.
What type of research should community health nurses consider when assessing culturally diverse populations?
- A. Meta-analysis
- B. Grounded theory research
- C. Participatory action research
- D. Random control studies on the entire population
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Participatory action research. Community health nurses should consider this type of research when assessing culturally diverse populations because it involves active participation from the community members themselves, ensuring their perspectives and voices are heard and integrated into the research process. This approach promotes culturally sensitive and relevant findings, leading to more effective interventions and solutions.
A: Meta-analysis is not suitable for directly engaging with culturally diverse populations.
B: Grounded theory research focuses on developing theory from data, but it may not prioritize community involvement.
D: Random control studies on the entire population may not address the specific cultural nuances and needs of diverse populations.
Which type of conflict may be experienced when a community health nurse (CHN) who does not personally support abortion is working with a group of teenagers to teach them about sexual health and pregnancy?
- A. Interpersonal conflict
- B. Intrapersonal conflict
- C. Intergroup conflict
- D. Interdisciplinary conflict
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Intergroup conflict. This is because the conflict arises between the CHN who does not support abortion (one group) and the teenagers who may have different views on the topic (another group). The conflict is between two distinct groups with differing beliefs and values.
A: Interpersonal conflict involves conflict between individuals, not groups.
B: Intrapersonal conflict is internal conflict within an individual, not between groups.
D: Interdisciplinary conflict refers to conflict between different disciplines or professions, which is not the case in this scenario.