Nokea
The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for fat recommends that the percentage of total kcalories from fat should fall between:
- A. 10% and 20%.
- B. 20% and 25%.
- C. 20% and 35%.
- D. 30% and 45%.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for fat suggests that 20% to 35% of total kcalories should come from fat. This range is recommended to maintain good health. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not fall within the specified range. A lower percentage (10-20%) may not provide enough essential fatty acids, while a higher percentage (30-45%) may increase the risk of health issues associated with excessive fat consumption.
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A characteristic of saturated fats is that they are:
- A. mostly found in animal products.
- B. solid at room temperature.
- C. composed of many double bonds.
- D. found primarily in vegetable products.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'mostly found in animal products.' Saturated fats are primarily found in animal products such as meat, dairy, and eggs. They are typically solid at room temperature. Choice B is incorrect because saturated fats are solid at room temperature, not liquid. Choice C is incorrect because saturated fats do not have double bonds; they have single bonds between carbon atoms. Choice D is incorrect because saturated fats are mainly found in animal products, not vegetable products.
During lactation, where is lactose synthesized in the body?
- A. Liver
- B. Breast
- C. Kidney
- D. Pancreas
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Breast. Lactose is synthesized in the breast during lactation to produce breastmilk. The liver is responsible for various metabolic functions but does not synthesize lactose. The kidney's primary role is in filtering blood and regulating electrolytes, not lactose synthesis. The pancreas is involved in producing digestive enzymes and insulin, not lactose synthesis.
People with phenylketonuria should avoid foods made with which nonnutritive sweetener?
- A. acesulfame-K
- B. aspartame
- C. saccharin
- D. sucralose
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: People with phenylketonuria should avoid aspartame because it contains phenylalanine, which they cannot metabolize. Acesulfame-K, saccharin, and sucralose do not contain phenylalanine and are safe for individuals with phenylketonuria. Therefore, the correct answer is B. Acesulfame-K, saccharin, and sucralose are incorrect choices because they do not pose a risk for individuals with phenylketonuria due to the absence of phenylalanine in their composition.
Where are sugar alcohols most likely to be found?
- A. Fermented foods.
- B. Low-calorie foods.
- C. Fruits and vegetables.
- D. Fiber supplements.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sugar alcohols are commonly found in low-calorie foods as sweetening agents without the calorie content of regular sugars. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because sugar alcohols are not typically found in fermented foods, fruits, vegetables, or fiber supplements. Therefore, the correct answer is B.
The sum of all chemical processes inside living cells of the body that sustain life and health is known as:
- A. physiology
- B. digestion
- C. metabolism
- D. nutrition
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Metabolism is the correct answer as it refers to the sum of all chemical processes that occur within living cells to maintain life and health. Physiology (Choice A) is the study of how living organisms function but does not specifically refer to cellular chemical processes. Digestion (Choice B) is the process of breaking down food in the body, not the overall cellular processes. Nutrition (Choice D) is the process of obtaining and consuming food necessary for health and growth, but it does not encompass all cellular processes related to sustaining life and health.