Nokea
The actions of secretin include:
- A. Increased salivary secretion
- B. Relaxation of the oesophageal sphincters
- C. Stimulation of gastric secretion
- D. Stimulation of secretion of bicarbonate by pancreatic duct cells
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because secretin is a hormone that stimulates the secretion of bicarbonate by pancreatic duct cells. This helps neutralize the acidic chyme entering the duodenum from the stomach. A is incorrect because secretin does not directly affect salivary secretion. B is incorrect because secretin does not relax the esophageal sphincters. C is incorrect because secretin inhibits gastric secretion rather than stimulating it. Therefore, the correct choice is D as it aligns with the physiological role of secretin in pancreatic bicarbonate secretion.
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The _____ are vessels that project into the villi and absorb fatty substances.
- A. lacteals
- B. lymphatics
- C. veins
- D. arteries
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: lacteals. Lacteals are specialized lymphatic vessels located in the villi of the small intestine. They are responsible for absorbing dietary fats and fat-soluble vitamins. Lymphatics (choice B) are a broader term for lymphatic vessels and nodes. Veins (choice C) are blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Arteries (choice D) are blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart. Therefore, only lacteals specifically project into the villi and absorb fatty substances, making them the correct choice.
Occult fecal blood test would be helpful in discovering:
- A. colonic carcinoma
- B. malabsorption syndrome
- C. both
- D. neither
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The occult fecal blood test detects hidden blood in the stool, which can be an early sign of colonic carcinoma. This test is not specific for malabsorption syndrome, making option B incorrect. Option C is incorrect because the test is primarily used for detecting colonic carcinoma. Option D is incorrect as the test can aid in the discovery of colonic carcinoma.
What laboratory test results should the nurse expect to find in a patient with cirrhosis?
- A. Serum albumin: 7.0 g/dL (70 g/L)
- B. Total bilirubin: 3.2 mg/dL (54.7 mmol/L)
- C. Serum cholesterol: 260 mg/dL (6.7 mmol/L)
- D. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST): 6.0 U/L (0.1 mkat/L)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In cirrhosis, the serum albumin level is typically low, and total bilirubin is often elevated due to impaired liver function.
When teaching a patient about weight reduction diets
- A. the nurse teaches the patient that an appropriate single serving of a food is
- B. a 6-inch bagel.
- C. 1 cup of chopped vegetables.
- D. a piece of cheese the size of three dice.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A serving of protein is typically the size of a deck of cards (approximately 3-4 oz), which helps patients understand appropriate portion sizes.
The nurse identifies a need for additional teaching when a patient with acute infectious diarrhea makes which statement?
- A. I can use A&D ointment or Vaseline jelly around the anal area to protect my skin.'
- B. Gatorade is a good liquid to drink because it replaces the fluid and salts I have lost.'
- C. I may use over-the-counter Imodium or Parepectolin when I need to control the diarrhea.'
- D. I must wash my hands after every bowel movement to prevent spreading the diarrhea to my family.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The use of Imodium or Parepectolin for diarrhea should be avoided in acute infectious diarrhea as it may delay the elimination of the causative agent and worsen the condition.