Nokea
The Affordable Care Act of 2011:
- A. requires that by 2020 all newly licensed nurses have a bachelor's degree at minimum.
- B. would provide health care benefits to millions who were previously uninsurable or unable to afford insurance.
- C. caps the amount that hospitals and physicians can charge for procedures.
- D. subsidizes private insurance companies, thereby reducing health care costs for individuals who have chronic or catastrophic illness such as cancer.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the Affordable Care Act of 2011 aimed to provide health care benefits to millions who were previously uninsurable or unable to afford insurance. This is in line with the main goal of the act, which was to increase access to affordable health care for Americans. Choice A is incorrect as the act does not mandate educational requirements for nurses. Choice C is incorrect as the act does not specifically cap the amount that hospitals and physicians can charge for procedures. Choice D is incorrect as the act focuses on expanding access to health insurance rather than directly subsidizing private insurance companies to reduce costs for individuals with chronic illnesses.
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When planning health care, the nurse should be mindful that members of the Asian culture tend to:
- A. miss appointments because they are present oriented and time is viewed as flexible.
- B. look to their ancestors for guidance.
- C. plan ahead and be future oriented.
- D. arrive early because they have no concept of time.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because Asian culture tends to be future-oriented, emphasizing planning and preparation. This is reflected in their approach to health care where they prioritize preventive measures and long-term health goals. Choice A is incorrect as missing appointments is not a common behavior due to cultural time perception. Choice B is incorrect as while ancestors may hold significance, they do not guide health care decisions. Choice D is incorrect as Asians are often punctual and value time.
A nurse who is conducting a staff in-service on the phases of a disaster continuum teaches participants that, during the impact/response stage, activities focus on:
- A. community awareness in anticipation of a terrorist attack or natural disaster.
- B. determining the effectiveness of the disaster medical assistance team (DMAT).
- C. the use of an all-hazards approach.
- D. initiating response activities.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because during the impact/response stage of a disaster, the main focus is on initiating immediate response activities to address the immediate needs of individuals affected by the disaster. This includes activities such as search and rescue, providing medical care, and establishing emergency shelters.
Choice A is incorrect because community awareness and anticipation of disasters typically occur during the preparedness phase, not the impact/response stage.
Choice B is incorrect because determining the effectiveness of DMAT is more relevant to the recovery phase of a disaster, not the immediate response phase.
Choice C is incorrect because the all-hazards approach refers to a comprehensive strategy for addressing various types of disasters, but it does not specifically relate to the activities carried out during the impact/response stage of a disaster.
Organizations measure the effectiveness of their budgets by examining actual revenues and expenditures versus:
- A. planned variances.
- B. incremental budgets.
- C. productivity metrics.
- D. expected performance.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: planned variances. Organizations compare actual revenues and expenditures to planned variances to measure budget effectiveness. Planned variances show the differences between the budgeted amounts and the actual results, highlighting areas of over or underperformance. This analysis helps organizations identify reasons for deviations and adjust future budgets accordingly.
Explanation for other choices:
B: Incremental budgets focus on adjusting previous budgets by a fixed amount, not on comparing actual versus planned amounts.
C: Productivity metrics measure the efficiency of resources used, not specifically related to budget effectiveness.
D: Expected performance is a vague term that does not directly address comparing actual versus planned financial data.
When the client is unable to make medical decisions for himself or herself, authorization that allows another person to make these decisions is called:
- A. living will.
- B. durable power of attorney.
- C. informed consent.
- D. immunity.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: durable power of attorney. This legal document grants authority to another person, known as the healthcare proxy or agent, to make medical decisions on behalf of the client when they are unable to do so themselves. This is essential for ensuring that the client's wishes are respected and that appropriate medical care is provided.
A: A living will is a document that outlines a person's preferences for medical treatment in case they become incapacitated, but it does not appoint someone to make decisions on their behalf.
C: Informed consent is the process of ensuring that a patient understands the risks and benefits of a medical treatment before giving consent, but it does not authorize someone to make decisions on their behalf.
D: Immunity refers to protection from legal liability and is not relevant to authorizing someone to make medical decisions for a client.
World War I contributed to the advancement of health care by:
- A. increasing the number of private care hospitals and decreasing the role of public health services.
- B. employing a large number of civilians to provide care to returning soldiers through the Red Cross.
- C. introducing specialists in nursing such as nurse anesthetists.
- D. increasing the number of community health nurses.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because World War I led to the introduction of specialized roles in nursing, such as nurse anesthetists, to address the increasing medical needs of soldiers. This advancement in nursing specialization improved the quality of care provided during the war and paved the way for future developments in healthcare.
Choice A is incorrect because World War I actually increased the role of public health services to address the healthcare needs of the population during the war. Choice B is incorrect as the Red Cross primarily provided emergency medical care during the war, not long-term healthcare advancements. Choice D is incorrect as there is no direct evidence that World War I specifically increased the number of community health nurses.