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A nurse recognizes which of the following as a primary goal of nursing?
- A. Assist patients to achieve a peaceful death.
- B. Improve personal knowledge and skills to enhance patient outcomes.
- C. Advocate for quality of life over the quantity of life.
- D. Work to control costs to enhance patients' quality of life.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the primary goal of nursing is to provide holistic care, which includes helping patients achieve a peaceful death. This involves promoting comfort, dignity, and emotional support for patients and their families at the end of life. Choice B focuses on personal development, not the primary goal of nursing. Choice C emphasizes quality of life, which is important but not the primary goal. Choice D prioritizes cost control, which is not the central focus of nursing care. Overall, assisting patients to achieve a peaceful death reflects the essence of nursing care and the importance of compassion and support in end-of-life situations.
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A Staff Nurse submits a six-week notice of resignation. The Nurse Manager prepares a request to immediately post the position and begin interviews. This action is best described as which of the following?
- A. Delegation
- B. A time-waster
- C. Reactive management
- D. Proactive management
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Proactive management. This is because the Nurse Manager is taking preemptive action by posting the position and starting interviews immediately upon receiving the resignation notice. This proactive approach ensures a smooth transition and minimizes disruptions in patient care.
Choice A, Delegation, is incorrect because the Nurse Manager is not assigning tasks to others but taking direct action. Choice B, A time-waster, is incorrect as the Manager's actions are aimed at being efficient and timely. Choice C, Reactive management, is incorrect as the Manager is not waiting for an issue to arise but is being proactive in planning for the future.
A nurse manager is preparing the budget for the year. The budgeted amounts have been set without regard to changes that may occur during the year. What type of budget is the manager preparing?
- A. Fixed budget
- B. Zero-based budget
- C. Variable budget
- D. Operating budget
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Fixed budget. A fixed budget is set without considering changes that may occur during the year. It remains unchanged regardless of actual performance. In this scenario, the budgeted amounts are predetermined and do not adjust based on changing conditions. Other choices are incorrect because:
- B: Zero-based budget requires justifying every expense from scratch, not pre-set amounts.
- C: Variable budget adjusts based on activity levels, not predetermined like in this case.
- D: Operating budget encompasses all revenues and expenses, not necessarily fixed like in this scenario.
A recent ethical issue has resulted in uneasiness and discomfort for several nurses on a unit. The unit manager has decided to discuss the issues at the next team meeting. The situation has resulted in which of the following for some of the nurses?
- A. Moral suffering
- B. Moral distress
- C. Ethical dilemma
- D. Veracity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Moral suffering. This is because moral suffering refers to the emotional and psychological distress experienced when one's moral values or beliefs are compromised. In this scenario, the nurses are feeling uneasiness and discomfort due to an ethical issue, which aligns with the concept of moral suffering.
Incorrect choices:
B: Moral distress: While moral distress involves the awareness of the morally right course of action but feeling unable to follow it due to external constraints, it doesn't fully capture the emotional turmoil experienced by the nurses in this situation.
C: Ethical dilemma: An ethical dilemma involves having to choose between two conflicting moral principles or courses of action, which may not fully encapsulate the emotional distress experienced by the nurses.
D: Veracity: Veracity refers to truthfulness or accuracy in communication, which is not directly related to the emotional distress experienced by the nurses in this scenario.
A __________ is often helpful to use when a problem is not easily identified.
- A. trial and error
- B. Delphi method
- C. political decision-making model
- D. affinity map
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: affinity map. When a problem is not easily identified, using an affinity map can help organize and visually represent different ideas or information related to the issue. This method allows for clustering similar themes or concepts, leading to a clearer understanding of the problem.
A: Trial and error involves randomly trying different solutions without a systematic approach.
B: The Delphi method is a structured communication technique for gathering opinions from experts, which may not directly help in identifying the problem.
C: Political decision-making model focuses on power dynamics and interests, which may not be relevant for problem identification.
In summary, using an affinity map promotes structured organization of information, making it the most suitable choice for identifying unclear problems.
The unit manager of a 32-bed medical-surgical unit allows the staff nurses to do self-governance for scheduling, client care assignments, and committee work. The manager would be considered which type of leader?
- A. Autocratic
- B. Democratic
- C. Bureaucratic
- D. Laissez-faire
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Laissez-faire. This style of leadership involves minimal interference from the manager, allowing staff to make decisions independently. In this scenario, the unit manager empowers staff nurses to self-govern, indicating a hands-off approach. This promotes autonomy, creativity, and accountability among the staff.
A: Autocratic leadership involves centralized decision-making by the manager without input from staff, which does not align with the scenario.
B: Democratic leadership involves collaboration and input from team members in decision-making, which is not fully demonstrated in the scenario.
C: Bureaucratic leadership focuses on following established procedures and rules, which is not the case in the scenario where staff nurses have autonomy in decision-making.
In summary, the manager's approach of allowing staff nurses to govern themselves aligns with a laissez-faire leadership style, promoting independence and responsibility among the team.