Nokea
The Alveolar epithelium is lined with
- A. Non-ciliated Squamous epithelium
- B. Ciliated Squamous epithelium
- C. Ciliated epithelium
- D. Ciliated Columnar epithelium
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Non-ciliated Squamous epithelium. The alveolar epithelium in the lungs is composed of thin, flat cells called squamous epithelium. This type of epithelium allows for efficient gas exchange by providing a short diffusion distance. Ciliated epithelium (choice C) and ciliated columnar epithelium (choice D) are not found in the alveoli as they are more suited for moving mucus and debris in the respiratory tract. Ciliated squamous epithelium (choice B) is not a common epithelial type in the alveoli and is not as thin as non-ciliated squamous epithelium, making it less efficient for gas exchange.
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The organ of the respiratory system that is kept open by rings of cartilage is the:
- A. nose
- B. pharynx
- C. larynx
- D. trachea
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: trachea. The trachea is kept open by rings of cartilage to prevent collapse during inhalation. The nose (A) is primarily involved in filtering, warming, and moistening air. The pharynx (B) is a common pathway for both air and food. The larynx (C) houses the vocal cords and aids in sound production but does not have cartilage rings to keep it open.
Which of the following age-based changes is false?
- A. The lungs lose elastic tissue
- B. The lung's compliance changes
- C. Vital capacity increases
- D. Respiratory muscles weaken
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because vital capacity actually decreases with age due to changes in lung elasticity and muscle strength. A is correct as aging causes the lungs to lose elastic tissue. B is correct as lung compliance changes with age. D is correct as respiratory muscles weaken over time. Therefore, only option C is false in the context of age-related changes in lung function.
A nurse assesses a client's respiratory status. Which information is of highest priority for the nurse to obtain?
- A. Average daily fluid intake
- B. Neck circumference
- C. Height and weight
- D. Occupation and hobbies
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Occupation and hobbies. This is the highest priority information for the nurse to obtain because it can provide crucial insights into potential respiratory risks or exposures (e.g., smoking, exposure to fumes or pollutants). Understanding the client's occupation and hobbies helps the nurse assess the impact on respiratory health and tailor interventions accordingly.
A: Average daily fluid intake is important for overall health but not directly related to respiratory status.
B: Neck circumference may be relevant for assessing airway patency in certain conditions, but occupation and hobbies are more pertinent.
C: Height and weight are important for general health assessment but do not directly impact respiratory status as much as occupation and hobbies.
In teaching a patient with hypertension about controlling the illness the nurse recognizes that?
- A. All patients with elevated BP need drug therapy.
- B. Obese persons must achieve a normal weight to lower BP.
- C. It is not necessary to limit salt in the diet if taking a diuretic.
- D. Lifestyle modifications are needed for all persons with elevated BP.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale:
D is correct because lifestyle modifications, such as exercise and diet changes, are essential for managing hypertension. This approach can help lower blood pressure without the need for drug therapy. A is incorrect because not all patients with elevated BP require medication. B is incorrect as weight loss is beneficial but not the only factor in controlling BP. C is incorrect because limiting salt intake remains important even if taking a diuretic.
If his R = 0.8 how much will his arterial pO2 fall?
- A. 85mmHg
- B. 75mmHg
- C. 60mmHg
- D. 50mmHg
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D (50mmHg). To calculate the fall in arterial pO2, we use the formula: Fall in pO2 = (Initial pO2) - (Initial pO2 x R). If R = 0.8, the fall in pO2 = (100mmHg) - (100mmHg x 0.8) = 100mmHg - 80mmHg = 20mmHg. Therefore, the arterial pO2 will fall by 20mmHg. Among the choices, D (50mmHg) is the closest to the calculated value of 20mmHg, making it the correct answer. Other choices (A, B, C) do not align with the calculated fall in pO2.