Nokea
A class of immunoglobulins found concentrated in breast milk, and thus serve to passively and naturally enhance the specific immune system of a newborn is:
- A. IgA.
- B. IgD.
- C. IgE.
- D. IgG.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: IgA is the correct answer. It is found in breast milk and provides passive immunity to newborns through breastfeeding.
Step 2: IgD is mainly found on the surface of B cells and is involved in the activation of B cells.
Step 3: IgE is involved in allergic responses and parasitic infections, not typically found in high concentrations in breast milk.
Step 4: IgG is the most abundant immunoglobulin in the bloodstream but is not typically concentrated in breast milk like IgA.
Summary: IgA is the correct answer because it is specifically designed to provide passive immunity to newborns through breast milk, while the other choices do not serve this function.
You may also like to solve these questions
The home health nurse is making an initial call on a newly diagnosed tuberculosis (TB) patient. The patient lives with his wife and child. Which infection control instructions shouldn't the nurse include in the teaching plan?
- A. Place contaminated tissues in sealable plastic bag.
- B. Take medications exactly as directed.
- C. Implement airborne precautions.
- D. Wash hands frequently.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because TB is transmitted through droplet transmission, not airborne. The nurse should include hand hygiene (D) to prevent spread through contact, proper medication adherence (B) to treat TB effectively, and proper disposal of contaminated materials (A) to prevent spread through fomites. Implementing airborne precautions is not necessary for TB, as it does not remain suspended in the air for long periods.
Which action should you delegate to the experienced nursing assistant?
- A. Assess the client's respiratory status every 4 hours.
- B. Take vital signs and pulse oximetry reading every 4 hours.
- C. Check ventilator setting to make sure they are as prescribed.
- D. Observe client’s need for suctioning every 2 hours.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Taking vital signs and pulse oximetry readings is a routine task suitable for a nursing assistant. Assessing respiratory status (A) and checking ventilator settings (C) require RN-level skills. Observing suctioning needs (D) is less critical and often done by RNs.
A nurse assesses a client's respiratory status. Which information is of highest priority for the nurse to obtain?
- A. Average daily fluid intake
- B. Neck circumference
- C. Height and weight
- D. Occupation and hobbies
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Occupation and hobbies. This is the highest priority information for the nurse to obtain because it can provide crucial insights into potential respiratory risks or exposures (e.g., smoking, exposure to fumes or pollutants). Understanding the client's occupation and hobbies helps the nurse assess the impact on respiratory health and tailor interventions accordingly.
A: Average daily fluid intake is important for overall health but not directly related to respiratory status.
B: Neck circumference may be relevant for assessing airway patency in certain conditions, but occupation and hobbies are more pertinent.
C: Height and weight are important for general health assessment but do not directly impact respiratory status as much as occupation and hobbies.
Hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is high is
- A. greater than hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is low
- B. less than hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is low
- C. equal to hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is low
- D. equal to hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when pH is low
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: less than hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is low. When the 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (BPG) level is high, it binds to hemoglobin and decreases its affinity for oxygen. This results in easier unloading of oxygen to tissues. In contrast, when the BPG level is low, hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen is higher, making it harder to release oxygen to tissues. Choices A and C are incorrect because high BPG levels decrease hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen, making it less than when BPG levels are low. Choice D is incorrect because pH levels do not directly affect hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen in the context of this question.
What is the name given to the respiratory ailment in which the bronchioles constrict severely?
- A. pleurisy
- B. emphysema
- C. bronchitis
- D. asthma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: asthma. Asthma is a respiratory ailment characterized by severe constriction of the bronchioles due to inflammation and muscle contraction. This leads to difficulty breathing and wheezing. Pleurisy (A) is inflammation of the lining of the lungs, emphysema (B) is a long-term lung disease, and bronchitis (C) is inflammation of the bronchial tubes. Asthma specifically refers to the bronchioles constriction, making it the correct choice.