Nokea
Reduction in respiratory surface of the lungs due to break down of partition in the alveoli is known as
- A. Asphyxia
- B. Bronchitis
- C. Asthma
- D. Emphysema
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Emphysema is the correct answer because it is a condition where the alveoli walls break down, reducing the surface area for gas exchange in the lungs. This leads to difficulty in breathing. Asphyxia is suffocation due to lack of oxygen, not related to alveoli breakdown. Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchial tubes, not alveoli damage. Asthma is a chronic condition affecting the airways, not specifically related to alveoli destruction. Therefore, emphysema is the most appropriate term for reduction in respiratory surface due to alveolar breakdown.
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An emergency room nurse is assessing a male client who has sustained a blunt injury to the chest wall. Which of these signs would indicate the presence of a pneumothorax in this client?
- A. A low respiratory rate.
- B. Diminished breath sounds.
- C. The presence of a barrel chest.
- D. A sucking sound at the site of injury.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Diminished breath sounds. In the case of a pneumothorax, air leaks into the pleural space, causing the lung to collapse partially. This results in diminished or absent breath sounds on the affected side. A low respiratory rate (A) is a general sign of respiratory distress but not specific to pneumothorax. The presence of a barrel chest (C) is associated with conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but not indicative of a pneumothorax. A sucking sound at the site of injury (D) is characteristic of an open pneumothorax, not necessarily present in all cases of pneumothorax.
How is a client positioned for a thoracentesis?
- A. The client sits at the side of the bed.
- B. The client lies on the affected side.
- C. The client lies flat on the back.
- D. The client lies down with the head raised.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. For thoracentesis, the client typically sits at the edge of the bed, leaning forward with arms supported on a table or over their knees to spread out the intercostal spaces and stabilize the chest wall. B is incorrect because lying on the affected side would compress the area being accessed. C is wrong as lying flat reduces access to the pleural space. D is incorrect because raising the head is not standard positioning for this procedure.
A client has a tracheostomy tube in place. When the nurse suctions the client food particles are noted. What action by the nurse is best?
- A. Elevate the head of the client's bed.
- B. Measure and compare cuff pressures.
- C. Place the client on NPO status.
- D. Request that the client have a swallow study.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Measure and compare cuff pressures. When food particles are noted during suctioning, it indicates a potential issue with the tracheostomy tube cuff. By measuring and comparing cuff pressures, the nurse can ensure the cuff is properly inflated to prevent aspiration of food particles into the lungs. Elevating the head of the bed (choice A) is a standard practice for preventing aspiration but does not address the specific issue of cuff pressure. Placing the client on NPO status (choice C) is not necessary if the cuff pressure is the main concern. Requesting a swallow study (choice D) may be needed eventually but is not the immediate priority when food particles are already present.
Which of the following nursing interventions are involved when caring for a client with influenza?
- A. Maintain airborne transmission precautions
- B. Complete bed rest
- C. Oxygen administration
- D. Immediate recognition of respiratory distress
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Immediate recognition of respiratory distress is vital in clients with influenza, especially those at risk of complications. A (airborne precautions) is unnecessary unless the client is immunocompromised. B (complete bed rest) is outdated practice. C (oxygen administration) is only needed if hypoxia is present.
Which of the following Hormone is secreted in excess when a person climbing a mountain
- A. Anti Natriuretic Factor
- B. Adrelaline
- C. Erythropoietin
- D. Thyroxine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Erythropoietin. When climbing a mountain, the body experiences reduced oxygen levels, triggering the release of erythropoietin to stimulate red blood cell production and improve oxygen delivery. This helps counteract the effects of high altitude.
Explanation of other choices:
A: Anti Natriuretic Factor - This hormone regulates sodium and water balance in the body, not directly related to climbing a mountain.
B: Adrenaline - Released in response to stress or danger, not specifically related to climbing a mountain.
D: Thyroxine - Regulates metabolism and energy levels, not directly related to the physiological response to climbing a mountain.