Nokea
In teaching a patient with hypertension about controlling the illness the nurse recognizes that?
- A. All patients with elevated BP need drug therapy.
- B. Obese persons must achieve a normal weight to lower BP.
- C. It is not necessary to limit salt in the diet if taking a diuretic.
- D. Lifestyle modifications are needed for all persons with elevated BP.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale:
D is correct because lifestyle modifications, such as exercise and diet changes, are essential for managing hypertension. This approach can help lower blood pressure without the need for drug therapy. A is incorrect because not all patients with elevated BP require medication. B is incorrect as weight loss is beneficial but not the only factor in controlling BP. C is incorrect because limiting salt intake remains important even if taking a diuretic.
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The nurse is performing a respiratory assessment of an adult patient and is attempting to distinguish between vesicular, bronchovesicular, and bronchial (tubular) breath sounds. The nurse should distinguish between these normal breath sounds on what basis?
- A. Their location over a specific area of the lung
- B. The volume of the sounds
- C. Whether they are heard on inspiration or expiration
- D. Whether or not they are continuous breath sounds
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because vesicular, bronchovesicular, and bronchial breath sounds are distinguished based on their location over specific areas of the lung. Vesicular sounds are soft and low-pitched and are heard over most of the lung fields, bronchovesicular sounds are intermediate in pitch and are heard over the major bronchi, and bronchial sounds are loud and high-pitched and are heard over the trachea and larynx. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as the distinction between these breath sounds is not based on volume, inspiration or expiration, or continuity of the sounds.
Reduction in respiratory surface of the lungs due to break down of partition in the alveoli is known as
- A. Asphyxia
- B. Bronchitis
- C. Asthma
- D. Emphysema
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Emphysema is the correct answer because it is a condition where the alveoli walls break down, reducing the surface area for gas exchange in the lungs. This leads to difficulty in breathing. Asphyxia is suffocation due to lack of oxygen, not related to alveoli breakdown. Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchial tubes, not alveoli damage. Asthma is a chronic condition affecting the airways, not specifically related to alveoli destruction. Therefore, emphysema is the most appropriate term for reduction in respiratory surface due to alveolar breakdown.
Which of the following age-based changes is false?
- A. The lungs lose elastic tissue
- B. The lung's compliance changes
- C. Vital capacity increases
- D. Respiratory muscles weaken
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because vital capacity actually decreases with age due to changes in lung elasticity and muscle strength. A is correct as aging causes the lungs to lose elastic tissue. B is correct as lung compliance changes with age. D is correct as respiratory muscles weaken over time. Therefore, only option C is false in the context of age-related changes in lung function.
What is the name given to the respiratory ailment in which the bronchioles constrict severely?
- A. pleurisy
- B. emphysema
- C. bronchitis
- D. asthma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: asthma. Asthma is a respiratory ailment characterized by severe constriction of the bronchioles due to inflammation and muscle contraction. This leads to difficulty breathing and wheezing. Pleurisy (A) is inflammation of the lining of the lungs, emphysema (B) is a long-term lung disease, and bronchitis (C) is inflammation of the bronchial tubes. Asthma specifically refers to the bronchioles constriction, making it the correct choice.
Hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is high is
- A. greater than hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is low
- B. less than hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is low
- C. equal to hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is low
- D. equal to hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when pH is low
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: less than hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is low. When the 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (BPG) level is high, it binds to hemoglobin and decreases its affinity for oxygen. This results in easier unloading of oxygen to tissues. In contrast, when the BPG level is low, hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen is higher, making it harder to release oxygen to tissues. Choices A and C are incorrect because high BPG levels decrease hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen, making it less than when BPG levels are low. Choice D is incorrect because pH levels do not directly affect hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen in the context of this question.