Nokea
During swallowing, the glottis is covered by
- A. false vocal cord
- B. true vocal cord
- C. epiglottis
- D. Adam's apple
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The epiglottis covers the glottis during swallowing to prevent food or liquid from entering the airway. This helps protect the lungs from aspiration. False vocal cords (A) are not directly involved in this process. True vocal cords (B) are responsible for producing sound and are located below the glottis. Adam's apple (D) is the laryngeal prominence formed by the thyroid cartilage and does not cover the glottis during swallowing. Therefore, the correct answer is C (epiglottis).
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What is the name given to the respiratory ailment in which the bronchioles constrict severely?
- A. pleurisy
- B. emphysema
- C. bronchitis
- D. asthma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: asthma. Asthma is a respiratory ailment characterized by severe constriction of the bronchioles due to inflammation and muscle contraction. This leads to difficulty breathing and wheezing. Pleurisy (A) is inflammation of the lining of the lungs, emphysema (B) is a long-term lung disease, and bronchitis (C) is inflammation of the bronchial tubes. Asthma specifically refers to the bronchioles constriction, making it the correct choice.
Which of the following age-based changes is false?
- A. The lungs lose elastic tissue
- B. The lung's compliance changes
- C. Vital capacity increases
- D. Respiratory muscles weaken
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because vital capacity actually decreases with age due to changes in lung elasticity and muscle strength. A is correct as aging causes the lungs to lose elastic tissue. B is correct as lung compliance changes with age. D is correct as respiratory muscles weaken over time. Therefore, only option C is false in the context of age-related changes in lung function.
A nurse assesses a client's respiratory status. Which information is of highest priority for the nurse to obtain?
- A. Average daily fluid intake
- B. Neck circumference
- C. Height and weight
- D. Occupation and hobbies
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Occupation and hobbies. This is the highest priority information for the nurse to obtain because it can provide crucial insights into potential respiratory risks or exposures (e.g., smoking, exposure to fumes or pollutants). Understanding the client's occupation and hobbies helps the nurse assess the impact on respiratory health and tailor interventions accordingly.
A: Average daily fluid intake is important for overall health but not directly related to respiratory status.
B: Neck circumference may be relevant for assessing airway patency in certain conditions, but occupation and hobbies are more pertinent.
C: Height and weight are important for general health assessment but do not directly impact respiratory status as much as occupation and hobbies.
The organ of the respiratory system that is kept open by rings of cartilage is the:
- A. nose
- B. pharynx
- C. larynx
- D. trachea
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: trachea. The trachea is kept open by rings of cartilage to prevent collapse during inhalation. The nose (A) is primarily involved in filtering, warming, and moistening air. The pharynx (B) is a common pathway for both air and food. The larynx (C) houses the vocal cords and aids in sound production but does not have cartilage rings to keep it open.
A patient with a history of smoking two packs of cigarettes a day for the past 20 years says that he is not alarmed by his cough. He says, "I get this cough and spit up mucus every winter." The nurse recognizes these symptoms as being suggestive of:
- A. Chronic bronchitis.
- B. Emphysema.
- C. Sarcoidosis.
- D. Diffuse interstitial fibrosis.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Chronic bronchitis. The patient's history of smoking for 20 years and persistent cough with mucus production every winter are indicative of chronic bronchitis. Chronic bronchitis is characterized by inflammation of the bronchial tubes due to irritants like smoking, leading to excessive mucus production and persistent cough. Emphysema is characterized by destruction of lung tissue, not necessarily accompanied by mucus production. Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease affecting multiple organs, not specifically related to the symptoms described. Diffuse interstitial fibrosis involves scarring of lung tissue, typically presenting with a dry, non-productive cough.