Nokea
The antisocial personality is one who
- A. is irresponsible and seems to lack remorse
- B. is frequently dangerous and out of contact with reality
- C. is always a delinquent or criminal
- D. benefits greatly from humanistic and psychoanalytic therapies
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Antisocial personality features irresponsibility and lack of remorse, not necessarily overt danger.
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Therapeutic nutrition begins for a patient with anorexia nervosa who is 70% of ideal body weight. Which nursing intervention is most important to add to the plan of care?
- A. Communicate empathy for the patient's feelings.
- B. Observe for adverse effects associated with refeeding.
- C. Teach patient about psychological origins of the disorder.
- D. Direct the patient to balance energy expenditure and caloric intake.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Observe for adverse effects associated with refeeding. This is important because refeeding syndrome can occur when a severely malnourished individual is reintroduced to nutrition too quickly, leading to potentially life-threatening electrolyte imbalances. Monitoring for signs such as fluid retention, electrolyte abnormalities, and changes in vital signs is crucial in preventing these complications.
Choice A: Communicating empathy is important in building trust and rapport with the patient, but it is not the most critical intervention in this scenario.
Choice C: Teaching the patient about the psychological origins of the disorder is important for long-term treatment, but it is not the most immediate concern when starting therapeutic nutrition.
Choice D: Directing the patient to balance energy expenditure and caloric intake is important for overall health, but it is not the priority when the patient is severely malnourished and at risk for refeeding syndrome.
A 75-year-old male client is brought to the clinic by his son. The son states, 'Ever since Mom died, Dad hasn't been the same. At first he just seemed sad, but now he seems to get mixed up about everything.' The nurse is aware that based on the client's history, the source of confusion is most likely:
- A. Dementia
- B. Depression from the loss of his wife
- C. Hypoxia of the brain
- D. Delirium from medications
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B - Depression from the loss of his wife
Rationale: Given the client's recent loss of his wife and subsequent changes in behavior, the most likely cause of his confusion is depression. Depression can manifest as cognitive impairment in older adults, leading to symptoms such as confusion and memory problems. Additionally, grief and loss can exacerbate depressive symptoms in elderly individuals, further contributing to cognitive difficulties.
Summary of other choices:
A: Dementia - Dementia typically presents with gradual cognitive decline over time, not a sudden onset following a specific event like the loss of a loved one.
C: Hypoxia of the brain - Hypoxia would likely present with more acute symptoms and physical signs, such as shortness of breath or cyanosis.
D: Delirium from medications - Delirium is characterized by acute onset and fluctuating course, often related to medication changes or other medical conditions, rather than an emotional trigger like grief.
What is the most effective strategy for preventing relapse in a patient with anorexia nervosa?
- A. Providing a rigid, inflexible meal plan with strict weight goals.
- B. Offering therapy to address both physical and emotional factors.
- C. Encouraging the patient to lose weight to maintain control.
- D. Focusing on body image improvement before addressing nutrition.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because offering therapy to address both physical and emotional factors is the most effective strategy for preventing relapse in a patient with anorexia nervosa. This approach helps the patient develop coping skills, explore underlying issues, and learn healthier ways to manage emotions and stress. By addressing both physical and emotional factors, the patient can build a strong support system, improve self-esteem, and work towards a sustainable recovery.
Choice A is incorrect because providing a rigid, inflexible meal plan with strict weight goals may increase anxiety and reinforce harmful behaviors associated with anorexia nervosa. Choice C is incorrect as encouraging the patient to lose weight to maintain control can perpetuate the disorder and increase the risk of relapse. Choice D is incorrect because focusing on body image improvement before addressing nutrition neglects the essential aspect of nutrition in recovery and may lead to distorted perceptions of health.
A nurse plans a staff education program for employees of a senior living community. Which topic has priority?
- A. Late-onset schizophrenia
- B. Depression and suicide
- C. Dementia
- D. Delirium
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Older Americans frequently experience undiagnosed depression and are disproportionately more likely to commit suicide (B). Educating staff about signs and symptoms of high-risk patients and early intervention strategies will decrease morbidity and mortality. The other conditions (A, C, D) have a lower prevalence.
In Singapore, children and youth with disability in school age:
- A. Are rare at prevalence of less than 1%
- B. Receive services that are governed and funded by MSF only
- C. Are at higher risk of developing mental health conditions than typical children
- D. Need to have confirmed diagnosis before they can receive support in schools
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: School-age children with disabilities are at higher risk for mental health conditions due to social and functional challenges.