Nokea
The appropriate order of steps in active management of the third stage of labor includes:
- A. Cord clamping and cutting, controlled cord traction, ergometrine administration, and inspection to ensure the placenta is intact.
- B. Intravenous oxytocin, cord clamping and cutting, and fundal massage.
- C. Intramuscular injection of oxytocin, controlled cord traction with counter traction to the uterus, and uterine massage.
- D. Controlled cord traction, fundal massage, and oxytocin.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct sequence of steps in active management of the third stage of labor includes intramuscular injection of oxytocin to prevent postpartum hemorrhage, controlled cord traction with counter traction to the uterus to facilitate placental delivery, and uterine massage to aid in uterine contraction and prevent excessive bleeding. Choice A is incorrect because ergometrine administration is not routinely recommended in active management. Choice B is incorrect as intravenous oxytocin is not the preferred route of administration. Choice D is incorrect as the order of steps is not accurate.
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What components should a nurse include when conducting a community health assessment?
- A. Personal health history of community members
- B. Number of hospitals in the community
- C. Demographic data, health status indicators, and community resources
- D. Results of laboratory tests
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When conducting a community health assessment, it is essential to gather demographic data (such as age, gender, ethnicity), health status indicators (like prevalence of diseases, mortality rates), and information on community resources (such as healthcare facilities, social services). These components help in understanding the health needs of the community and planning appropriate interventions. Choices A, B, and D are not typically part of a community health assessment as they focus on individual health data or specific medical information rather than the broader population health perspective required for community assessments.
The healthcare provider is evaluating the health status of a 16-year-old client with a history of Type 1 diabetes. Which laboratory test would provide the most accurate information about long-term blood glucose control?
- A. Blood glucose level
- B. Glycosylated hemoglobin
- C. Urine ketones
- D. Serum insulin level
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Glycosylated hemoglobin provides valuable information about blood glucose control over the past 2-3 months. This test measures the average blood sugar levels during this period, offering a more comprehensive view of long-term glycemic control. Choice A, blood glucose level, reflects the blood sugar concentration at the time of testing and may fluctuate throughout the day. Choice C, urine ketones, indicates the presence of ketones and is more relevant for assessing acute complications like diabetic ketoacidosis. Choice D, serum insulin level, evaluates insulin production and is not a direct indicator of long-term blood glucose control in diabetes management.
The RN at a migrant health center notes an increased incidence of dermatitis in seasonal farm workers at a local fruit farm. In response to this finding, what is the most important information for the RN to obtain as part of the community assessment?
- A. Availability of clean fresh water to wash hands after work.
- B. Proper housing
- C. Access to health care services
- D. Access to transportation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Availability of clean fresh water to wash hands after work. Proper hand hygiene, including washing hands with clean water, is crucial in preventing dermatitis, especially in farm workers who are exposed to potential irritants in their work environment. While proper housing (choice B), access to health care services (choice C), and access to transportation (choice D) are important factors in overall community health, they are not directly linked to preventing dermatitis in this scenario.
Which family planning method is not advisable for women with extremely irregular menstrual periods?
- A. oral contraceptives
- B. diaphragm
- C. natural family planning
- D. vaginal contraceptives
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Natural family planning relies on tracking menstrual cycles to determine fertile days for avoiding or achieving pregnancy. It may not be suitable for women with extremely irregular menstrual periods as it can be challenging to predict fertile days accurately. Oral contraceptives (A), diaphragms (B), and vaginal contraceptives (D) do not rely on regular menstrual cycles for their effectiveness, making them more suitable options for women with irregular periods.
Which of the following statements about TB treatment is INCORRECT?
- A. Combination of 3-4 anti-TB drugs is the treatment of choice
- B. Single drug therapy is appropriate
- C. Treatment renders patients non-infectious and cured
- D. Tuberculosis is a curable disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Single drug therapy is not appropriate for TB due to the risk of developing resistance. The most effective approach to TB treatment is a combination of 3-4 anti-TB drugs. This combination helps to prevent the development of drug resistance and improve treatment outcomes. Choice C is correct as TB treatment, when completed successfully, renders patients non-infectious and cured. Choice D is also correct as tuberculosis is indeed a curable disease with appropriate treatment. Therefore, the incorrect statement is B.