Nokea
The ___ are the structures of the lung in which gas exchange occurs.
Correct Answer: alveoli
Rationale: The end structures of the bronchial tree are called alveoli. It is in these terminal structures of the bronchial tree that gas exchange takes place.
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The nurse recognizes that the reading in an arterial gas report indicates the amount of oxygen dissolved in the plasma.
Correct Answer: PaO2
Rationale: The PaO2 reading indicates the amount of oxygen dissolved in the plasma.
The nurse caring for a patient who has a closed chest drainage system notes that there is fluctuation (tidaling) in the water seal chamber. Which action is appropriate based on this assessment?
- A. Document the tidaling.
- B. Elevate the head of the bed and notify charge nurse of malfunction of drainage system.
- C. Add more sterile water to the water seal chamber.
- D. Turn patient to the affected side.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Tidaling or fluctuation in the water seal drainage is an indicator that the negative pressure is preserved and the system is working normally. Document this normal finding.
Which action is the purpose of the cilia?
- A. Warm and moisturize inhaled air.
- B. Sweep debris toward nasal cavity.
- C. Stimulate cough reflex.
- D. Produce mucus.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The cilia are fine hairlike processes on the outer surfaces of small cells that produce a motion that sweeps the debris toward the nasal cavity. Large particles that are swept away stimulate the cough reflex, but not the cilia themselves.
How should the newly diagnosed patient who has been prescribed isoniazid (INH) for the treatment of active tuberculosis (TB) be advised?
- A. Report redness and swelling of extremities.
- B. Be aware that the therapy is long term.
- C. Monitor renal function every several months.
- D. Rise slowly to avoid dizziness.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: INH therapy is long term. The patient should be advised to get regular liver studies and report tingling and numbness of the extremities.
Exposure to an asthma trigger can cause which aspect of asthma to occur next?
- A. Inflammatory process in the mast cells of the lungs
- B. Increase in edema and mucus production in the bronchioles
- C. Release of histamine
- D. Narrowing of the airways
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The allergen activates the mast cells in the lungs, which release histamine, causing an increase in edema and mucus production that narrows the airways and causes the classic signs of asthma.