Nokea
A community health nurse is working with a group of clients. The nurse practices the ethical principle of distributive justice by performing which of the following tasks?
- A. Keeping a promise to visit a client who is housebound after the delivery of care.
- B. Ensuring that a client who is homeless receives preventive medical care.
- C. Being honest with the parents of a child about the need to report suspected abuse.
- D. Accepting the decision of an older adult client to live alone in her home.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because distributive justice involves fair distribution of resources and benefits in society. By ensuring that a homeless client receives preventive medical care, the nurse is promoting fairness and equitable access to healthcare services for all individuals, regardless of their social status. This action aligns with the principle of distributive justice by addressing the healthcare needs of a vulnerable population.
Keeping a promise to visit a housebound client (A) demonstrates fidelity rather than distributive justice. Being honest about reporting suspected abuse (C) is related to veracity and duty to protect vulnerable individuals. Accepting the decision of an older adult to live alone (D) is more about respecting autonomy and independence.
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A clinic nurse is assessing a client who has measles. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Koplik spots inside the mouth
- B. Persistent low-grade temperature
- C. Muscle aches and tenderness
- D. Rash confined to the trunk of the body
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Koplik spots inside the mouth. These are small, white spots surrounded by a red ring that appear on the buccal mucosa. This finding is characteristic of measles and typically precedes the onset of the rash. Koplik spots are highly specific to measles and can aid in early diagnosis. Persistent low-grade temperature (B) and muscle aches and tenderness (C) are common symptoms of many viral illnesses, including measles, but they are not specific to measles. The rash associated with measles typically starts on the face and head before spreading to the trunk and extremities, so a rash confined to the trunk (D) would not be expected in measles.
A home health nurse manager is caring for a client who has methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Remove fresh flowers from the client's home
- B. Wear a mask when within 3 feet of the client
- C. Encourage the client to use a HEPA filter in the house
- D. Double bag soiled dressing in polyethylene bags
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Double bag soiled dressing in polyethylene bags. This is important to prevent the spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) to others. Double bagging the soiled dressing in polyethylene bags helps contain the bacteria and reduces the risk of transmission.
Choice A: Removing fresh flowers is not directly related to preventing the spread of MRSA.
Choice B: Wearing a mask within 3 feet of the client may not be effective in preventing MRSA transmission.
Choice C: Using a HEPA filter is not specifically targeted at preventing MRSA transmission.
In summary, choice D is correct because it directly addresses the prevention of MRSA transmission, while the other choices are not as directly related to this specific concern.
A home health nurse is assessing a client who has AIDS. Which of the following responses by the client indicates a risk for suicide?
- A. I'm afraid of experiencing pain near the end.
- B. I know that everything will be better soon.
- C. I am relying more and more on my partner for support.
- D. I don't want to lose control of my ability to make decisions.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: "I know that everything will be better soon." This response indicates a risk for suicide as it reflects a sense of hopelessness or feeling that things will not improve. This mindset is often associated with suicidal ideation.
A: Fear of pain near the end is a common concern in terminal illnesses but does not directly indicate suicide risk.
C: Relying on a partner for support can be a coping mechanism and does not necessarily indicate suicide risk.
D: Desire to maintain decision-making control is a sign of autonomy and does not directly indicate suicide risk.
In summary, choice B is correct as it suggests a lack of hope for the future, while the other choices do not directly indicate a risk for suicide.
A 35-year-old client who has a diagnosis of tuberculosis informs the provider's office that she is unable to pay for the treatment. Which of the following actions by the nurse will facilitate obtaining appropriate treatment?
- A. Help the client apply for Medicare
- B. Explore options for alternative therapies
- C. Arrange for medication through local agencies
- D. Send the client to the nearest facility for further evaluation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Arrange for medication through local agencies. This option addresses the immediate need for treatment by connecting the client with resources that can provide medication for tuberculosis at little to no cost. This ensures that the client can access appropriate treatment despite financial constraints.
Option A (Help the client apply for Medicare) may not be feasible or timely, as the client may not qualify or the application process may take too long. Option B (Explore options for alternative therapies) is not appropriate for a serious infectious disease like tuberculosis that requires specific medical treatment. Option D (Send the client to the nearest facility for further evaluation) does not address the client's inability to pay for treatment and may delay necessary intervention.
A school nurse is teaching bicycle safety to a group of school-age children. Which of the following statements by a child indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I should walk my bicycle through crosswalks.
- B. I should keep my bicycle far away from the curb.
- C. I should ride my bicycle side-by-side when biking with a friend.
- D. I should ride my bicycle in the opposite direction of the traffic flow.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: "I should walk my bicycle through crosswalks." This statement indicates an understanding of the teaching because it shows awareness of pedestrian rules at crosswalks, emphasizing safety when not riding the bicycle. Walking the bicycle through crosswalks ensures visibility to drivers and prevents accidents.
Summary:
B: Keeping the bicycle far from the curb increases the risk of colliding with vehicles or obstacles.
C: Riding side-by-side is unsafe as it can obstruct traffic and increase the chances of accidents.
D: Riding in the opposite direction of traffic flow is dangerous and against traffic laws, increasing the risk of head-on collisions.