Adult Health Med Surg Nursing Test Banks

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The BEST reason why Nurse Nilda opted to review Erikson's psychosocial theory is, which of the following statements?

  • A. Completion of task results in a sense of competence and a healthy personality.
  • B. Failure to master these tasks leads to feelings of inadequacy
  • C. . Helps children grow into successful, contributing members of society.
  • D. We are motivated by the need to achieve competence in certain areas of our 1ives.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Nurse Nilda likely opted to review Erikson's psychosocial theory because completion of each developmental task in the theory results in a sense of competence and contributes to the development of a healthy personality. Erikson's theory outlines different stages of psychosocial development that individuals go through, with each stage presenting a specific conflict or challenge to be resolved. Successfully navigating and resolving these challenges at each stage leads to the development of essential strengths and virtues. For example, in Erikson's stage of industry versus inferiority (ages 6 to 11 years), successfully completing tasks related to school, sports, and social interactions can lead to a sense of competence and accomplishment. Conversely, failure to master these tasks can lead to feelings of inadequacy and inferiority. By understanding and applying Erikson's theory, Nurse Nilda can better support individuals in their development and help promote positive outcomes.

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A patient admitted to the ICU develops acute pancreatitis with severe abdominal pain and elevated pancreatic enzymes. What intervention should the healthcare team prioritize to manage the patient's pancreatitis?

  • A. Administer intravenous fluids to maintain adequate hydration.
  • B. Perform an abdominal ultrasound to assess pancreatic morphology.
  • C. Implement total parenteral nutrition (TPN) to meet nutritional needs.
  • D. Recommend proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for gastric acid suppression.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The priority intervention in managing acute pancreatitis is to administer intravenous fluids to maintain adequate hydration. Acute pancreatitis can lead to significant fluid loss and dehydration due to factors such as vomiting and third-spacing of fluids into the retroperitoneal space. Adequate hydration helps to optimize perfusion to the pancreas, prevent hypovolemic shock, and support overall organ function. This intervention also aids in flushing out inflammatory mediators and preventing complications such as acute kidney injury. Monitoring fluid status and adjusting the rate of intravenous fluid administration based on the patient's response is crucial in the management of acute pancreatitis. While other interventions such as imaging studies, nutritional support, and gastric acid suppression may be important in managing acute pancreatitis, ensuring adequate hydration is the most critical initial step.

A patient presents with swelling of the ankles, dyspnea on exertion, and orthopnea. An echocardiogram reveals decreased left ventricular ejection fraction and dilated left ventricle. Which cardiovascular disorder is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

  • A. Stable angina
  • B. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
  • C. Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
  • D. Valvular heart disease
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The patient's presentation of swelling of the ankles, dyspnea on exertion, and orthopnea is highly suggestive of heart failure. The echocardiogram findings of decreased left ventricular ejection fraction and dilated left ventricle are characteristic of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), also known as systolic heart failure. In this condition, the heart's ability to pump blood effectively is compromised, leading to symptoms of congestion and decreased cardiac output. The decreased ejection fraction indicates that the heart is not able to efficiently pump out blood with each contraction. Dilatation of the left ventricle is a compensatory mechanism in response to increased volume overload.

Which of the following is a common complication associated with untreated clubfoot in infants?

  • A. Scoliosis
  • B. Hip dysplasia
  • C. Osteomyelitis
  • D. Cerebral palsy
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Hip dysplasia is a common complication associated with untreated clubfoot in infants. If clubfoot is not treated promptly and properly, it can lead to abnormal development of the hip joint, resulting in hip dysplasia. This condition involves the abnormal formation of the hip socket, which can cause instability and potential dislocation of the hip joint. Early identification and treatment of clubfoot are important in preventing complications such as hip dysplasia.

With diagnosis of hemorrhagic stroke, the nurse teaches the caregiver that with position of the bed should be in what position?

  • A. High-Fowler's
  • B. Prone
  • C. Fowler
  • D. Flat
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: For a patient diagnosed with a hemorrhagic stroke, the caregiver should ensure that the bed is positioned in a High-Fowler's position. This position involves elevating the head of the bed between 60 to 90 degrees. Elevating the head of the bed helps to reduce intracranial pressure and promote optimal cerebral perfusion. It also assists in maintaining proper ventilation and oxygenation, which are essential for the patient's recovery. It is important to avoid positioning the patient flat or in a prone position as these may exacerbate the condition and lead to further complications.

The young mother wanted to know about the motor development APPROPRIATE in a preschooler. Which of the following statements NOT true?

  • A. "He can tie shoe lace"
  • B. "He can alternate feet when climbing"
  • C. "He has not developed good postures"
  • D. "He can hop two or more times"
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The statement that the preschooler can alternate feet when climbing is not true. Typically, preschoolers at this age group are still developing their coordination and may not have mastered the skill of alternating feet while climbing. It is more common for them to use one foot after the other while climbing. This skill usually requires more advanced motor development and coordination, which may come later in the preschool years.

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