Nokea
The beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is a useful surface marker in some malignant germ cell tumors (GCTs); it is secreted by syncytiotrophoblasts. In which of the following GCTs this surface marker is characteristically elevated?
- A. teratoma
- B. germinoma
- C. endodermal sinus tumor
- D. embryonal carcinoma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Embryonal carcinoma is strongly associated with elevated beta-HCG levels.
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Which leading cause of death topic should the nurse emphasize to a group of African- American boys ranging in age from 15 to 19 years?
- A. Suicide
- B. Cancer
- C. Firearm homicide
- D. Occupational injuries
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse should emphasize the leading cause of death topic related to firearm homicide to a group of African-American boys ranging in age from 15 to 19 years. This population is at a higher risk of being victims of firearm violence due to various socio-economic factors and systemic issues. By addressing the issue of firearm homicide, the nurse can provide important information on violence prevention, conflict resolution strategies, and community resources to help keep these young males safe. This education can potentially help reduce the risk of injury or death from firearm-related incidents within this vulnerable population.
A few hours before the patient was admitted at the hospital, he complained of fever, nausea and vomiting, and vague abdominal pain. The doctor examined the patient as a case of acute appendicitis and prepared for appendectomy. The nurse anticipates that this type of surgery is classified as:
- A. emergency
- B. urgent
- C. elective
- D. required
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Appendectomy as a treatment for acute appendicitis is classified as an emergency surgery. Acute appendicitis is considered a medical emergency that requires prompt surgical intervention to prevent complications such as a ruptured appendix, which can lead to peritonitis, a life-threatening condition. In emergency situations, surgery must be done urgently to address the immediate threat to the patient's health. This is in contrast to elective surgeries, which are typically scheduled in advance and do not require immediate attention. In the case described, the patient's symptoms of fever, nausea, vomiting, and vague abdominal pain suggest an acute presentation that necessitates urgent surgical intervention, making it an emergency appendectomy.
Which statement is true about gonorrhea?
- A. It is caused by Treponema pallidum.
- B. Treatment is by multidose administration of penicillin.
- C. Treatment is by topical applications to lesions.
- D. Treatment of all sexual contacts is an essential part of treatment.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The recommended treatment for gonorrhea is a combination of antibiotics. Currently, multidose administration of antibiotics such as ceftriaxone or azithromycin is often used due to increasing antibiotic resistance. Treatment by topical applications to lesions is not effective in treating systemic infections like gonorrhea. Treating all sexual contacts is an essential part of the management of gonorrhea to prevent reinfection and further transmission of the infection.
Which foods should be offered to a child with hepatitis?
- A. A tuna sandwich on whole-wheat bread and skim milk.
- B. Clear liquids such as broth and Jell-O.
- C. A hamburger, French fries, and a diet soda.
- D. A peanut butter sandwich and a milkshake.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Clear liquids are gentle on the liver and help minimize digestive stress during hepatitis.
The nurse is assigned to a client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). When handling the client's blood and body fluids, the nurse uses standard precautions, which include:
- A. Wearing gloves to empty a bedpan
- B. Wearing gown, gloves, and protective eyewear when obtaining a urine specimen via catheterization
- C. Disposing of needles uncapped
- D. Wearing gloves when applying eyedrops
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Standard precautions are infection control practices designed to prevent transmission of diseases like AIDS. When handling a client's blood and body fluids, it is important to use standard precautions. Wearing gloves to empty a bedpan is an appropriate practice to prevent direct contact with blood and body fluids. This helps protect the nurse from exposure to infectious agents. Other options like wearing a gown, gloves, and protective eyewear for obtaining a urine specimen via catheterization or disposing of needles uncapped do not align with standard precautions for handling blood and body fluids in a client with AIDS. Similarly, wearing gloves when applying eyedrops is not necessary for preventing transmission of bloodborne pathogens in this context.