Nokea
The beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is a useful surface marker in some malignant germ cell tumors (GCTs); it is secreted by syncytiotrophoblasts. In which of the following GCTs this surface marker is characteristically elevated?
- A. teratoma
- B. germinoma
- C. endodermal sinus tumor
- D. embryonal carcinoma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Embryonal carcinoma is strongly associated with elevated beta-HCG levels.
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Which is best described as the inability of the heart to pump an adequate amount of blood to the systemic circulation at normal filling pressures?
- A. Pulmonary congestion
- B. Congenital heart defect
- C. Heart failure
- D. Systemic venous congestion
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Heart failure is best described as the inability of the heart to pump an adequate amount of blood to the systemic circulation at normal filling pressures. This results in the inefficient delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the body's tissues, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and fluid retention. Pulmonary congestion, systemic venous congestion, and congenital heart defects can be associated with heart failure but are not the primary definition of the condition.
Which of the following is the appropriate nursing diagnosis?
- A. Fluid volume deficit R/T furrow tongue
- B. Fluid volume deficit R/T uncontrolled vomiting
- C. Dehydration R/T subnormal body temperature
- D. Dehydration R/T incessant vomiting
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The appropriate nursing diagnosis is Fluid volume deficit R/T uncontrolled vomiting. This diagnosis is the most specific and directly related to the issue of vomiting causing a loss of fluids, leading to a deficit in fluid volume. Uncontrolled vomiting can result in a significant loss of fluids and electrolytes, which can lead to dehydration. It is important to address the root cause of the fluid volume deficit, which in this case is the uncontrolled vomiting. The other options may not directly address the primary issue of fluid loss due to vomiting.
A child with a Wilms tumor is scheduled for surgery. Which best describes the procedure?
- A. Only the affected kidney will be removed.
- B. Both kidneys will be removed.
- C. Only the tumor mass will be excised.
- D. The tumor is removed, and a biopsy of the unaffected kidney is done.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The standard treatment for Wilms tumor is a nephrectomy of the affected kidney while preserving the other kidney.
Arvic who is diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 1 displays symptoms of hypoglycemia; which of the following actions should the nurse instruct the parents?
- A. Give the child honey (simple sugar).
- B. Give the child milk (complex sugar).
- C. Contact the healthcare provider before doing anything.
- D. Give the child nothing by mouth.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In a patient with diabetes mellitus type 1 showing symptoms of hypoglycemia, it is important to take immediate action to raise their blood sugar levels. The best way to quickly raise blood sugar levels in a hypoglycemic patient is by giving them a simple sugar, such as honey, fruit juice, or glucose tablets. These sugars are rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream, providing a quick source of energy to the body. Milk, which was mentioned in option B, contains complex sugars and fats that may delay the increase in blood sugar levels. It is crucial to act promptly in a hypoglycemic situation, as untreated hypoglycemia can lead to serious complications, including seizures and loss of consciousness. Contacting the healthcare provider before giving treatment, as in option C, may cause dangerous delays in addressing the low blood sugar situation. Option D, giving the child nothing by mouth, is not appropriate in this scenario as it can wors
The most serious manifestation of lead intoxication is
- A. peripheral neuropathy
- B. mental retardation
- C. anemia
- D. cerebral edema
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cerebral edema is the most serious manifestation of lead intoxication, as it can be life-threatening.