Nokea
Which is the central factor responsible for respiratory distress syndrome?
- A. Deficient surfactant production
- B. Overproduction of surfactant
- C. Overdeveloped alveoli
- D. Absence of alveoli
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Respiratory distress syndrome is primarily caused by deficient surfactant production in premature infants. Surfactant is a substance that coats the alveoli in the lungs and helps to reduce surface tension, preventing the collapse of the alveoli during exhalation. In premature infants, the lungs may not have produced enough surfactant, leading to difficulty in breathing and inadequate oxygen exchange. This results in respiratory distress syndrome, which is characterized by severe breathing problems in newborns. Overproduction of surfactant, overdeveloped alveoli, or absence of alveoli are not central factors in the development of respiratory distress syndrome.
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How many liters per minute of oxygen should be administered to the patient with emphysema?
- A. 2 L/min
- B. 10 L/min
- C. 6 L/min
- D. 95 L/min
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Oxygen therapy for patients with emphysema aims to maintain adequate oxygen levels in the blood while avoiding toxic levels of oxygen. The recommended flow rate for oxygen administration in patients with emphysema is typically 1-3 liters per minute. Increasing the flow rate above this range may lead to oxygen toxicity in these patients. Therefore, a safe and appropriate oxygen flow rate for a patient with emphysema would be around 6 L/min, making option C, 6 L/min, the correct choice from the provided options.
The physical abuse of children affects children of all ages. Serious injuries, such as head or abdominal trauma, are more likely to be inflicted by
- A. mothers
- B. fathers
- C. old brothers
- D. grand mothers
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fathers and male caregivers are statistically more likely to inflict serious physical abuse, including head and abdominal trauma, due to greater physical strength and aggression.
A 9-year-old boy develops acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) one year after completion of therapy for soft tissue sarcoma at his right thigh. Which of the following chemotherapeutic agents is MOST likely the cause of secondary acute myelogenous leukemia AML in this boy?
- A. cyclophosphamide
- B. vincristine
- C. etoposide
- D. doxorubicin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Etoposide is known to be associated with secondary AML due to its potential to induce chromosomal abnormalities.
The nurse has been caring for a newborn who just died. The parents are present but say they are "afraid" to hold the dead newborn. Which is the most appropriate nursing intervention?
- A. Tell them there is nothing to fear.
- B. Insist that they hold newborn "one last time."
- C. Respect their wishes and release body to morgue.
- D. Keep newborn's body available for a few hours in case they change their minds.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The most appropriate nursing intervention in this situation is to keep the newborn's body available for a few hours in case the parents change their minds. It is important to respect the parents' feelings and fears while also providing them with the opportunity to hold their child if they decide to do so later on. By keeping the newborn's body available, the parents can have the time and space they need to process their emotions and make a decision that feels right for them. This approach supports the parents' autonomy and allows them to grieve in a way that is meaningful to them.
A school nurse is conducting a class with adolescents on suicide. Which true statement about suicide should the nurse include in the teaching session?
- A. A sense of hopelessness and despair are a normal part of adolescence.
- B. Gay and lesbian adolescents are at a particularly high risk for suicide.
- C. Problem-solving skills are of limited value to the suicidal adolescent.
- D. Previous suicide attempts are not an indication of risk for completed suicides.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Gay and lesbian adolescents are at a particularly high risk for suicide. Research has shown that sexual minority youth, such as gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender adolescents, are at a higher risk for suicide due to the stress, discrimination, and lack of acceptance they may face. It is important for the school nurse to address the unique risk factors and challenges faced by LGBTQ+ adolescents when discussing suicide prevention in order to provide appropriate support and resources.