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The birthweight usually quadruples by the age of
- A. 1.5 yr
- B. 2 yr
- C. 2.5 yr
- D. 3 yr
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Birthweight typically quadruples by 2 years of age.
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The MOST common type of cerebral palsy is
- A. ataxic cerebral palsy
- B. spastic cerebral palsy
- C. dystonic cerebral palsy
- D. dyskinetic cerebral palsy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Spastic cerebral palsy is the most common type.
Nurse Lina gives discharge instructions to Aling Maria, who is experiencing an exacerbation of COPD because of an upper respiratory tract infection, regarding her diet at home. Which of the following food choices would be appropriate?
- A. low fat low cholesterol
- B. low sodium diet
- C. bland soft diet
- D. high calorie high protein
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A patient experiencing an exacerbation of COPD, especially due to an infection, requires a diet that is high in calories and protein. This is because during exacerbations, the body's energy requirements increase due to increased work of breathing and inflammation. High-calorie intake helps provide the necessary energy for breathing and healing. Additionally, a high-protein diet is important for maintaining respiratory and skeletal muscle strength, which can be affected during exacerbations of COPD. Therefore, a high-calorie high-protein diet would be most appropriate for Aling Maria to support her recovery and overall health during this period.
The nurse is caring for a client who's hypoglycemic. This client will have a blood glucose level:
- A. Below 70mg/dl
- B. Between 70 and 120mg/dl
- C. Between 120 and 180mg/dl
- D. Over 180mg/dl A1 PASSERS TRAINING, RESEARCH, REVIEW & DEVELOPMENT COMPANY MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING SET P
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hypoglycemia is defined as a blood glucose level below 70mg/dl. When a client is experiencing hypoglycemia, it means their blood sugar is lower than the normal range and can lead to symptoms such as sweating, tremors, confusion, and even loss of consciousness. It is important for nurses to recognize and treat hypoglycemia promptly to prevent serious complications.
Which of the following medications can be used to quickly reduce SOB in a crisis situation for a patient with end-stage respiratory disease?
- A. Oral cortisone
- B. IV morphine
- C. IM meperidine (Demerol)
- D. IV propanolol (Inderal)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: IV morphine is the most appropriate choice among the options provided for quickly reducing shortness of breath (SOB) in a crisis situation for a patient with end-stage respiratory disease. Morphine is commonly used in palliative care for symptom management in patients with severe respiratory distress. It acts as a respiratory depressant by reducing the perception of breathlessness, which can help alleviate the distressing symptoms of dyspnea. The rapid onset of action of IV morphine makes it an effective option for immediate relief in emergency situations for patients experiencing significant SOB due to end-stage respiratory disease. Oral cortisone, IM meperidine (Demerol), and IV propranolol (Inderal) are not primary choices for quickly reducing SOB in this context.
An adult suffered a diving accident and is being brought in by an ambulance intubated and on backboard with a cervical collar. What is the first action the nurse would take on arrival in the hospital?
- A. Take the client vital signs
- B. Insert a large bore IV line
- C. Check the lungs for equal breath sounds bilaterally
- D. Perform a neurologic check using the Glasgow scale
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The first action the nurse should take upon the arrival of the adult who suffered a diving accident and is intubated and on a backboard with a cervical collar is to insert a large bore IV line. This is a priority because the person may require urgent fluid resuscitation or medication administration, and having IV access is crucial for immediate intervention in trauma cases. After establishing IV access, other assessments such as vital signs, lung sounds, and neurological checks can follow.