Nokea
The blood pressure (BP) of a 71-year-old patient admitted with pneumonia is 160/70 mm Hg. Which age-related change contributes to this finding?
- A. Stenosis of the heart valves.
- B. Decreased adrenergic sensitivity.
- C. Increased parasympathetic activity.
- D. Loss of elasticity in arterial vessels.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Loss of elasticity in arterial vessels due to aging causes increased systolic blood pressure, as seen in the 160/70 mm Hg reading.
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The nurse provides discharge teaching to a patient with venous leg ulcers. Which statement made by the patient indicates the need for further education?
- A. I will take a walk daily.
- B. I will try to lose at least 20 pounds.
- C. I will put on my stockings after I get out of bed each day.
- D. I will not wear knee-high socks that are tight around my calf.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Not wearing tight knee-high socks is correct, as tight clothing can impede circulation; the statement suggests misunderstanding, indicating a need for further education.
A healthy 70-year-old patient has low hemoglobin levels and no signs of gastrointestinal bleeding. The nurse recognizes which item is an effect of aging that could be the reason for the low hemoglobin level?
- A. Low level of hepcidin.
- B. Increase in iron-binding capacity.
- C. Decrease in intestinal absorption of iron.
- D. Decrease in erythropoietin secretion from the kidneys.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Aging often leads to a decrease in the efficiency of nutrient absorption, including iron. This decrease in intestinal absorption of iron can result in low hemoglobin levels in elderly individuals. It's a common cause of anemia in the elderly population.
Which phrase describes the function of a buffer?
- A. To excrete weak acids.
- B. To secrete hydrogen ions.
- C. To convert strong acids to weak acids.
- D. To convert ammonia to ammonium ions.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Buffers convert strong acids to weak acids by neutralizing them, helping maintain stable pH in bodily fluids.
Which strategy is most important for a nurse to include when planning care for a patient who has neutropenia?
- A. Restricting all visitors.
- B. Placing the patient in a private room.
- C. Advising the patient to use only an electric shaver.
- D. Wearing a gown and gloves when in direct contact with the patient.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Placing the patient in a private room is crucial for a neutropenic patient to minimize exposure to pathogens, reducing infection risk due to their compromised immune system.
Which explanation will the nurse give a patient with non-Hodgkin lymphoma about the purpose of a planned lumbar puncture?
- A. To rule out any bone marrow involvement.
- B. To determine the level of cell differentiation.
- C. To establish which lymph cell type is involved.
- D. To find any central nervous system involvement.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A lumbar puncture in non-Hodgkin lymphoma is used to detect central nervous system involvement by examining cerebrospinal fluid for lymphoma cells.