Nokea
Which treatment is likely to be planned for a patient who develops pernicious anemia after a gastrectomy?
- A. Triple-drug therapy.
- B. IV therapy.
- C. Quadruple-drug therapy.
- D. Cobalamin replacement therapy.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cobalamin replacement therapy is the standard treatment for pernicious anemia caused by vitamin B12 deficiency due to lack of intrinsic factor post-gastrectomy.
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Which acid-base mechanism would the kidney use to buffer a patient's acidosis (serum pH <7.35)? Select all that apply.
- A. Eliminating excess H+.
- B. Excreting excess water.
- C. Eliminating excess CO2.
- D. Reabsorbing additional HCO3-.
- E. Reabsorbing additional sodium ions.
Correct Answer: A,D
Rationale: The kidneys buffer acidosis by eliminating excess hydrogen ions (H+) and reabsorbing additional bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) to neutralize acid and raise pH.
Which statement is true regarding hemophilia?
- A. Hemophilia is not hereditary in nature.
- B. Hemophilia can be treated by replacement therapy.
- C. Hemophilia is an X-linked dominant genetic disorder.
- D. Hemophilia B is the most common form of hemophilia.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hemophilia is a hereditary bleeding disorder treated by replacement therapy with clotting factor concentrates, making option B correct.
Which information will the nurse include when teaching a patient who is receiving chemotherapy for leukemia?
- A. The treatment has severe side effects, some of which will be permanent.
- B. You need to use your call light to ask for help every time you get out of bed.
- C. Prevention and early detection of infection are important during leukemia treatment.
- D. Feeling isolated is a common and unavoidable consequence of leukemia treatment.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Prevention and early detection of infection are critical during leukemia chemotherapy due to immune suppression, a key patient education point.
Which rationale supports the nurse's assessment of a patient's magnesium level?
- A. The electrolyte is the most abundant intracellular cation present in the body.
- B. The electrolyte may cause extracellular fluid overload.
- C. Magnesium may affect neuromuscular excitability and contractility.
- D. The patient is at risk for hypotension when the levels of magnesium decrease.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Magnesium plays a crucial role in neuromuscular excitability and contractility. Abnormal magnesium levels can lead to neuromuscular symptoms such as muscle weakness, tremors, and spasms, and affect cardiac function.
The nurse is teaching a patient about the administration of liquid iron supplements. Which response by the patient indicates the need for additional teaching?
- A. I will take my iron supplement with a straw.
- B. I will take my iron supplement at bedtime.
- C. I will take my iron supplement along with meals.
- D. I will take my iron supplement along with orange juice.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Taking iron supplements with meals decreases absorption, indicating a need for further teaching; iron should be taken on an empty stomach or with vitamin C.